Occurrence of 2n gametes in the F1 hybrids of Oriental × Asiatic lilies (Lilium): Relevance to intergenomic recombination and backcrossing

Cytological modes of the origin of 2n gametes were investigated in six different genotypes of F₁ hybrids between Oriental and Asiatic (OA) lilies (Lilium, 2n = 2x = 24). Chromosome pairing between the parental genomes was very low, the average frequency range from 0.3 to 1.2 bivalents per cell among the genotypes. Within a genotype the frequency of bivalents varied from 0 to 6 in some cases. The normally occurring haploid pollen grains were totally sterile. In contrast, in different genotypes, variable percentages of 2n pollen were found and shown to be fertile as estimated from pollen germination. A cytological analysis of Metaphase I and subsequent stages of meiosis using genomic in situ hybridization (GISH) revealed that there was intergenomic recombination between the alien genomes. Following Metaphase I stage, three different types of abnormal cytological events led to the formation of 2n pollen: (i) Post-Metaphase I division (PMI), (ii) Post-Metaphase II division (PMII) and (iii) Asymmetric Cytokinesis of the pollen mother cell followed by chromosome division. All three cytological events led to first division restitution (FDR) gametes. Based on in vitro pollen germination it was proved for two genotypes that 2n pollen was viable only during the first day of anthesis. It was possible to use 2n pollen successfully for backcrossing. Implications of 2n pollen for intergenomic recombination in BC₁ progenies are discussed.     

甘蓝自交不亲和基因MLPK与SSP的FISH定位

利用FISH技术, 对自交不亲和基因MLPK与SSP在甘蓝有丝分裂前中期染色体、减数分裂早粗线期染色体以及伸长DNA纤维等3种分辨率水平的靶DNA载体上进行物理定位。结果表明, 在有丝分裂前中期, MLPK探针信号位于一对近中着丝粒同源染色体的短臂中部, 距着丝粒的百分距离约为53.41±3.16;SSP探针信号位于一对具有随体的近端着丝粒同源染色体的长臂端部, 距着丝粒的百分距离约为78.36±4.26。综合3种载体上的FISH结果表明, MLPK与SSP在甘蓝染色体组中可能都只有一个同源序列座位, 具有在单倍体基因组中的单拷贝性。重复FISH杂交表明, MLPK与5S rDNA位于同一对染色体。依据Armstrong的核型分析标准, 初步判断MLPK与SSP分别位于甘蓝的2号和7号染色体, 与S位点不存在连锁关系。另从比较基因组学角度对定位结果进行了讨论。     

冬小包脚菇仿野生栽培技术

冬小包脚菇是草菇属中国唯一能在低温季节11月至翌年4月生长的品种.利用其生长习性,模仿野生生长条件,在种植小麦、油菜、蚕豆、马铃薯、豌豆等地套种冬小包脚菇.在收获小季作物的期间套种冬小包脚菇可收获冬小包脚菇子实体,增加农业生产附加值,同时改善了土壤结构和提高土壤养分.     

A Theoretical Analysis of Underpricing in IPOs Based on the Irrational Behavior of Investors

Employing the standpoint of irrational investors in the behavior finance, the authors study the relation on the irrational behavior of medium and small Investors and underpricing of IPO in our country. The paper premises that a revenue-maximizing issuer will be regarded as the target function, and the rational institutional investors can be delegated the task of holding the stocks in the after-market for resale to the irrational medium and small investors--thereby extracting surplus from them, finally the issuer can maximize their expected revenue. We model the process mentioned above and find that the high underpricing of IPO in our country has the direct relation with numerous the irrational medium and small investors existing in our country who cause the underpricing.     

不同中药对奶牛乳房炎病原菌抑菌效果的观察

本试验采用琼脂平板扩散法(打孔法),研究了黄芩等21种中药对从乳房炎奶牛乳汁中分离出的3种主要致病菌的体外抑菌情况。结果发现,大肠杆菌对黄芩高度敏感,对丹参、青翘属中度敏感;金黄色葡萄球菌对黄芩、青翘、丹参、地榆、红花、蒲公英高度敏感,对枳壳、忍冬藤、萹蓄、苦地丁、蟾酥、木通中度敏感;无乳链球对地榆、当归属高度敏感,对青翘、黄芩、蒲公英、丹参、苦地丁、红花、川芎、枳壳中度敏感。为防治奶牛乳房炎有效中药复方的筛选提供了理论依据。     

山羊卵泡卵母细胞的采集及体外成熟效果研究

为了获取高质量的卵泡卵母细胞，提高山羊体外胚胎生产的效率，采用切剖法与抽吸法采集卵泡卵母细胞，并对获得的可用卵母细胞进行了体外成熟培养。结果表明，切剖法能够获得较多的可用卵母细胞，可以明显增加用于体外成熟的卵母细胞数；卵母细胞的体外成熟率与卵泡直径密切相关，大卵泡与中卵泡的卵母细胞成熟率明显高于(P<0.05)小卵泡；山羊卵泡卵母细胞的体外成熟培养液中FCS的添加比例以10% ~ 15%为益。在一定范围内，提高FCS的浓度，并不能提高卵母细胞的成熟率。     

农机化投入影响因素的研究

全国农业生产机械化水平的提高产生了深远的社会、经济效益。本文从历史背景出发，深入分析了影响农机化投入的各个因素．从而为提高我国农机化水平及其投入提出了具有建设性的建议。     

汤河水库分期汛限水位方案效益分析

水库汛期的蓄水担负着城市供水、工农业供水、发电等兴利任务。科学合理地优化水库分期汛限水位,是保障水库供水量和防洪安全的有效手段。以汤河水库为研究对象,提出水库分期汛限水位优化方案,并对调整分期汛限水位后水库增容产生的效益进行分析。     

玉米群体光分布特征及其对产量和品质的影响

通过测定不同种植密度玉米群体的光能分布,研究了群体光能分布特征对玉米产量和品质的影响,结果显示,只有光照条件适宜的群体,才能充分利用光能,并可获得高产优质的玉米子粒。     

深耘断根对旱地高产小麦花后根系干重及产量的影响

在旱地大田条件下研究了深耘断根对旱地高产小麦花后根系干重及产量的影响,结果表明,４个处理中以冬前深耘断根最好,起身期深耘断根与对照（不断根）次之,冬前和起身期都深耘断根效果最差,冬前深耘断根可增加中,下层和根系的重量和比率,降低根系生长冗余性,控制最高总茎数,提高成穗数及成穗率,使子粒产量中各自花后光合率官输送的比例增加,从而使产量提高,因而在旱地高产麦田应推广冬前深耘断根。