不同药物及给药途径对仔猪白痢治疗效果的影响

选择自然感染大肠杆菌、拉白色或灰白色稀粪的哺乳仔猪(要求无弱仔和其他疾病)195头为试验动物,以每窝仔猪为单位,随机分成两大组(每组设5个试验组),给药途径选用肌肉注射和后海穴注射药物;观测三九克痢注射液、氟哌酸注射液、恩诺沙星注射液、痢菌净、链霉素等5种药物对仔猪白痢治疗效果的影响。结果表明,肌注的5个实验组即Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ组总有效率分别是75.0%、72.7%、58.8%、68.4%和52.9%(P﹤0.05),穴注的五个实验组即Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ组总有效率分别是77.3%、72.0%、66.7%、73.7%和62.5%(P﹤0.05);肌注组的总有效率66.3%、穴注组的总有效率71.0%。结果表明,三九克痢的疗效与安全性都是最好的;其次是恩诺沙星;后海穴注射药物的疗效更好。     

Effects of wind turbines and other physical elements on field utilization by pink-footed geese (Anser brachyrhynchus): A landscape perspective

The effects of wind turbines and other physical landscape elements on field utilization by wintering pink-footed geese (Anser brachyrhynchus) were studied in a Danish farmland landscape. Within the study area geese were feeding on pastures, which together with cereals were the main crop types. Apart from wind turbines a variety of potentially disturbing landscape elements was present, e.g., high-power lines, windbreaks, roads and settlements. Patterns of field use were assessed by measuring goose dropping densities along transects perpendicular to wind farms (with turbines in clusters and in lines) and other landscape elements. Local effects were expressed in terms of `avoidance distance', i.e., the distance from a given landscape element to the point at which 50% of maximal dropping density was reached. The spatial distribution of landscape elements within an eight km radius from the goose roost was determined from aerial photographs. The area occupied by various elements, together with the adjacent zones which were not available to geese due to their associated avoidance distances, were quantified using Geographic Information System (GIS).The avoidance distance of wind farms with turbines in lines and in clusters were ca 100 m and ca 200 m, respectively. Geese did not enter the area between turbines within the cluster. At the landscape level, the combined effect of physical elements other than wind turbines caused an effective loss of 68% of the total field area (40 km²). Wind turbines caused an additional loss of 4% of the field area. However, of the remaining area available to geese (13 km²), wind turbines caused a loss of 13% of the total area. The habitat loss per turbine was higher for the wind farm with turbines arranged in a large cluster than for wind farms with turbines in small clusters or lines. This difference was mainly due to the fact that wind farms in small clusters or with a linear layout were generally placed close to roads or other elements with existing associated avoidance zones, whereas the large cluster was placed in the open farmland area. The avoidance zones associated with physical elements in the landscape do not take into account possible synergistic effects and, hence, actual field areas affected are likely to be minimum estimates. Implications of these findings for planning of wind farms in areas of conservation interest to geese are discussed.     

山毛豆、木豆、猪屎豆在高速公路边坡生态恢复工程中的应用

山毛豆、木豆、猪屎豆这三种灌木耐旱耐瘠、抗逆性强、根系发达、枝叶繁茂、生长迅速,可涵养水土,提高地力。在云南元磨、思小等高速公路边坡生态恢复中的应用结果表明:以山毛豆、木豆、猪屎豆这三种灌木为主进行绿化,所形成的植物群落较稳定,绿化护坡效果好,对干旱、风沙等的抗逆性强,特别适用于热带、亚热带公路、堤坝的边坡水土保持及生态恢复工程。     

引进美系大白猪的适应性研究与生产性能测定

为充分了解新美系大白猪的生产性能,自主培育能满足不同市场需求、生产性能好、适应性强的大白猪父本新品系,我们对引进的美系大白猪进行了适应性研究与生产性能测定.结果表明,新美系大白猪在主要经济性状上与国内原有大白猪相比具有一定优势,是一个良好的育种素材.但同时也表现出一定的缺点,在使用过程中应引起用户注意,不要盲目跟从.     

北京鸭中脑脊髓通路的起源和细胞构筑：HRP逆行追踪法研究

在脊髓的颈中部、颈膨大部和腰膨大部单侧注射或包埋HRP(辣根过氧化物酶),逆行追踪了28例北京鸭,对中脑至脊髓的传导通路的起始部位、细胞构筑和机能进行了系统的研究。发现大量标记细胞分布在中脑对侧的红核,双测的Cajal中介核、中央灰质和动眼神经副交感核(即EW核)内。此外,还发现少量标记细胞分布在中脑中缝核和双侧的中脑外侧网状结构。而在顶盖内,没有任何部位出现标记细胞。研究结果表明,北京鸭除具有红核脊髓束外,还存在着Cajal中介核至脊髓的直接传导通路,EW核至脊髓的直接传导通路以及中缝核和网状结构至脊髓的直接传导通路,而不存在与哺乳类相似的顶盖脊髓束。     

朗德鹅与皖西白鹅肌肉品质比较研究

对70日龄朗德鹅和皖西白鹅的肌肉品质进行研究。分别对朗德鹅和皖西白鹅的屠宰性能、肉常规品质和胸、腿肌纤维密度与肌纤维直径进行了测定。结果表明:10周龄朗德鹅肌肉的失水率、系水力和pH值差异不显著,各组朗德鹅胸肌与腿肌的肌直径大于各组皖西白鹅,且差异显著(P<0.05),而各组朗德鹅胸肌与腿肌的肌纤维密度低于各组皖西白鹅值,且差异显著(P<0.05)。结论:朗德鹅的肌肉品质明显优于皖西白鹅。     

大白猪生产和繁殖性状遗传趋势的分析

配合混合模型,用非求导的REML方法（DF-REML）分析估计了大白猪生产和繁殖性状的表型和遗传趋势。165日龄体重、90kg体重平均背膘厚和总产仔数的表型趋势分别为1.64、-0.23和0.11,遗传趋势分别为0.76、-0.14和0.01。结果表明,大白猪品系选择试验的165日龄体重和90kg体重背膘厚两个主选性状的选择是显著有效的,生长速度逐代提高,背膘厚逐代下降。辅助的体型选择使得大白猪体型结构逐渐向结实型发展。产仔数的遗传趋势是弱的有利变化,表明在对生长速度与背膘厚合并选择时,对繁殖性能的影响很小。     

应用球孢白僵菌防治芒果树脊胸天牛的研究

该文报导了从自然感病的脊胸天牛虫尸上分离出球孢白僵菌株,经纯化并批量生产可湿性菌粉,应用该菌粉防治芒果树脊胸天牛．室内试验用小棉花球醮取菌悬液堵塞法和用注射器抽取菌悬液滴注法接种,并分设对照组．第７ｄ检查防治效果．结果表明,堵塞法各虫态致僵、死率为７０．６％．其中幼虫僵、死率为８７．５％,蛹、成虫僵、死率为３６．７％．滴注法各虫态僵、死率为６６．１％．其中幼虫僵、死率为８２．５％,蛹、成虫僵、死率为３３．３％．对照组分别用无菌水以同样方法试验,各虫态致僵、死率均为０．应用两种方法,中试防治在１３．３ｈｍ２２７ａ树龄芒果园中进行,防治效果为８３．７％．推广应用防治在３５．０ｈｍ２１５ａ树龄芒果园中进行,防治效果为８４．１％．     

甘肃白猪胴体性状的遗传特性

对甘肃白猪胴体性状及２０～９０ｋｇ阶段日增重的遗传参数进行了估测，并根据估测结果对各性状的遗传特性和各性状间的相互关系进行了分析。此外，还讨论了在选种选育过程中应注意的问题。