棉秆粉碎收获机的设计

利用旋转甩刀的切割及冲击作用对棉秆进行粉碎，并利用甩刀高速旋转产生的惯性和气流对粉碎的棉秆进行抛送。在田间试验的基础上，通过理论探讨，对棉秆粉碎收获机的基本原理、主要部件及技术参数，尤其是甩刀转速进行分析、设计，设计了与中型拖拉机配套的棉秆粉碎收获机。     

玉米收获机夹持输送装置的研究

夹持输送装置是穗茎兼收型玉米收获机的关键部件。为了解决玉米植株在夹持输送中的断茎、堵塞等问题，对夹持输送装置的关键部件进行研究，通过增设输送拨禾链，从而有效地地解决了上述问题。     

Screening of antagonistic Trichoderma strains and their application for controlling stalk rot in maize

Maize is one of the major crops in China, but maize stalk rot occurs nationwide and has become one of the major challenges in maize production in China. In order to find an environment-friendly and feasible technology to control this disease, a Trichoderma-based biocontrol agent was selected. Forty-eight strains with various inhibition activities to Fusarium graminearum, and Fusarium verticillioides were tested. A group of Trichoderma strains(DLY31, SG3403, DLY1303 and GDFS1009) were found to provide an inhibition rate to pathogen growth in vitro of over 70%. These strains also prevented pathogen infection over 65% and promoted the maize seedling growth for the main root in vivo by over 50%. Due to its advantage in antifungal activity against pathogens and promotion activity to maize, Trichoderma asperellum GDSF1009 was selected as the most promising strain of the biocontrol agent in the Trichoderma spectrum. Pot experiments showed that the Trichoderma agent at 2–3 g/pot could achieve the best control of seedling stalk rot and promotion of maize seedling growth. In the field experiments, 8–10 g/hole was able to achieve over 65% control to stalk rot, and yield increased by 2–11%. In the case of natural morbidity, the control efficiency ranged from 27.23 to 48.84%, and the rate of yield increase reached 11.70%, with a dosage of Trichoderma granules at 75 kg ha~(-1). Based on these results, we concluded that the Trichoderma agent is a promising biocontrol approach to stalk rot in maize.     

球孢白僵菌-玉米共生体对亚洲玉米螟取食行为的影响

为明确球孢白僵菌-玉米共生体对亚洲玉米螟幼虫取食行为及取食选择性的影响,本文通过室内控制试验,采用培养皿叶盘法,研究了共生体对亚洲玉米螟初孵幼虫和3龄幼虫的选择、非选择性取食的影响。结果表明,在48 h非选择性试验中,亚洲玉米螟初孵幼虫在球孢白僵菌-玉米共生体叶片组织（处理组）上的取食率显著低于未接种球孢白僵菌玉米叶片（对照组）,第48 h时在共生体和对照玉米上的幼虫取食率分别为35.7%和62.5%,差异极显著;3龄幼虫在共生体茎秆组织上的取食率与对照组玉米差异不显著。在48 h选择性试验中,初孵幼虫在共生体玉米叶片组织上的取食率显著低于对照组,共生体玉米叶片组织上的幼虫取食率随时间的增加呈下降趋势,第48 h时在共生体和对照玉米上的幼虫取食率分别为6.3%和20.6%,差异极显著;3龄幼虫在共生体和对照组玉米茎秆组织上的幼虫取食率随时间的增加呈上升趋势,其中对照组幼虫取食率显著高于处理组,第48 h时在处理组和对照组玉米上的幼虫取食率分别为33.1%和45.6%,差异极显著。本研究初步表明,球孢白僵菌-玉米共生体对亚洲玉米螟幼虫的取食行为有显著的抑制和忌避作用。     

甜玉米(Zea mays L.saccharata Sturt)含糖量与主要农艺性状的相关及通径分析

为选育含糖量高的甜玉米品种,本试验对甜玉米含糖量与主要农艺性状进行相关性分析。结果表明,含糖量与穗长、株高、穗位呈正相关,与单穗重、秃尖长、穗粗、穗行数、行粒数、轴重、轴粗、百粒重、茎粗呈负相关。在实际选择中可以参考这些性状来选择含糖量高的甜玉米。为了更加清楚地了解各主要农艺性状和含糖量之间的直接效应和间接效应,对此进行通径分析,结果表明,各农艺性状对含糖量的通径系数顺序为穗长>株高>轴重>穗位>单穗重>穗粗>茎粗>行粒数>穗行数>百粒重>轴粗>秃尖长>皮渣率。本研究为今后选育含糖量高的甜玉米品种提供了重要的参考依据。     

利用SSR技术快速准确鉴定杂交玉米种子纯度

利用一种快速、廉价的DNA提取方法,提取了两个玉米杂交种及其亲本的DNA用于SSR分子标记分析。分析结果显示,10对被分析的引物中有4对在两个杂交种双亲之间显示出多态性,可以用于相应的杂交种纯度分析。另外,分别利用同工酶技术和SSR分子标记技术同时分析了来自这两个杂交种的种子样品的纯度,分析发现,对于一个杂交种,两种方法都能可以鉴定,并且两者检测的结果是一致的,但是对于另外一个杂交种,由于其父母本非常接近,同工酶不能将其区分。因此,这些结果显示SSR分子标记技术可以很好地用于杂交玉米种子的纯度鉴定,即使是这个杂交种是来自两个非常接近的自交系的。     

低温木质纤维素分解复合菌系PLC-8对玉米秸秆的分解特性

为提高东北寒区玉米秸秆的分解效率,突破低温的瓶颈,探讨了低温木质纤维素分解复合菌系PLC-8对玉米秸秆的分解效果及其微生物多样性.通过pH、玉米秸秆的减重、木质纤维素的含量、酶活性、有机酸含量等指标评价玉米秸秆的分解效果,采用变性凝胶电泳(DGGE)和高通量测序技术研究其微生物多样性.结果表明:pH先下降后回升至接近初...     

Initiation and development of microspore embryogenesis in recalcitrant purple flowering stalk (Brassica campestris ssp. chinensis var. purpurea Hort.) genotypes

Purple flowering stalk (Brassica campestris ssp. chinensis var.purpurea Hort.) was generally regarded as a recalcitrant species for microspore culture in Brassica crops. Conditions for reliable induction of microspore embryogenesis were studied in 12 genotypes of purple flowering stalk. A treatment of short heat shock to microspore by incubating at 32 °C for 18 h was suitable for the survival of microspores, sustained cell divisions, and further induced embryogenesis. Subsequently, the reduced concentration of macro salts (1/2 NLN) provided an optimal condition for the development of embryoids. Under the optimized conditions for microspore embryoid development, 10 genotypes responded to microspore culture with the frequencies ranging from 2.7 to 70.5 embryoids per dish. However, regenerated plants were obtained from 9 genotypes, and more than 75% these regenerated plants were double haploid. This report establishes an efficient protocol for microspore culture and offers great potential for DH breeding in purple flowering stalk.     

秸秆饲料青切揉碎机的设计

根据我国畜牧业发展和秸秆饲料利用现状,研究设计了一种大型、高效秸秆饲料加工机械.该机采用直抛滚筒式切碎装置,增设了对作物秸秆和散干牧草的揉搓作用的击碎和揉碎部件,物料加工质量大大提高.喂入装置采用先进的摆臂浮动辊式喂入机构,性能可靠;同时,增加了牵引机构,可实现流动作业.动力可选配18.4kW柴油机或18.5kW电动机.     

切碎灭茬还田机的研制

国家专利产品4JQM-110型玉米秸秆切碎灭茬还田机,配套动力50-80马力拖拉机,后置双行作业,结构原理独特,利用卧式高速旋转刀,同时完成秸秆切碎和灭茬保墒复式作业,属国内独创.经省级农机专家鉴定,技术属国际领先.灭茬机构模仿人工用钣镢收获玉米秸秆的过程,把砍切刀设计成卧式高速旋转刀,使收获玉米秸秆的过程高速连续化,完成灭茬覆土保墒作业;秸秆切碎机构模仿人工用铡刀铡切玉米秸秆的过程把切刀设计成卧式高速旋转刀,使切碎秸秆过程高速连续化完成秸秆切碎作业.