葵花籽对羊组织共轭亚油酸沉积及相关酶基因表达的影响

研究日粮中添加葵花籽(SS)对生长羊血液、不同组织共轭亚油酸(conjugated linoleic acid,CLA)的含量、硬脂酰辅酶A去饱和酶和脂肪酸合成酶基因表达的影响,选用18只健康体重相近3月龄生长羊(公)随机分为2组,分别饲喂不含葵花籽的基础日粮(对照组)和含6%葵花籽的日粮(处理组),进行为期30d的试验。结果表明:日粮中添加葵花籽极显著提高血液中t11-C18∶1和CLA-c9,t11的含量(P<0.01),处理组羊皮下脂肪组织中CLA-c9,t11含量极显著增加(P<0.01),肾周脂肪和肝脏组织中CLA-c9,t11含量有增加趋势,背最长肌CLA-c9,t11含量无显著变化(P>0.05)。葵花籽日粮能显著提高皮下脂肪SCD基因表达量(P<0.05),但对肝脏和肾周脂肪SCD基因表达量没有显著影响(P>0.05);处理组羊肝脏和肾周脂肪FAS基因表达量显著降低(P<0.05),皮下脂肪FAS基因表达量无显著变化(P>0.05)。     

小尾寒羊AA-NAT基因克隆及其与繁殖性能的关系

根据牛AA-NAT基因DNA序列和绵羊该基因mRNA序列,设计5对引物(P1～P5),每对引物分别扩增随机选取的8只小尾寒羊,PCR产物克隆测序,序列拼接获得小尾寒羊AA-NAT的DNA序列,总长为2 138 bp。序列比对发现P3的扩增产物中存在C617T的沉默突变。根据获得的小尾寒羊AA-NAT基因的DNA序列设计引物P6,利用PCR-RFLP技术分别在常年发情绵羊品种(小尾寒羊、白杜泊)和季节性发情绵羊品种(滩羊、萨福克和特克塞尔)中检测该位点的多态性。结果发现引物P6扩增片段在滩羊、萨福克和特克塞尔中均检测到CC、CT和TT 3种基因型,在小尾寒羊和白杜泊中只检测到CC和CT 2种基因型;该突变位点不同基因型分布在常年发情绵羊品种和季节性发情绵羊品种间存在显著差异(P<0.05);小尾寒羊CC和CT基因型频率分别为0.24和0.76,CC型母羊平均产羔数比CT型多0.48只(P<0.01)。本研究结果初步表明,AA-NAT基因617位点与绵羊的常年发情可能存在一定关联,C等位基因可能是提高绵羊产羔数的一个潜在有效的标记。     

Prevalence of breech-strike in mulesed, clipped and unmulesed Merino hoggets in south-eastern Australia

Objective To compare the prevalence of breech flystrike (‘breech‐strike’) on 12–20‐month‐old Merino hoggets that were mulesed, had breech and tail clips applied (‘clipped’) or were left unmulesed but treated strategically with long‐acting insecticide. Design A cohort study on three farms in southern Victoria. Methods Three treatment groups were established at lamb marking on each farm. The unmulesed group was treated with dicyclanil when 12 months old in September or October (‘early‐season treatment’). The prevalence of breech‐strike and key risk factors, including soiling of the breech with faeces (‘dag’) and urine (‘stain’), and breech wrinkle, were compared between the groups. Results Over all the farms, breech‐strike occurred on 1.1% of mulesed sheep and 7.7% of clipped sheep. Clipped sheep had a relative risk of breech‐strike of 18.2‐, 16.8‐ and 3.0‐fold that of mulesed sheep on the three farms. Unmulesed sheep treated with dicyclanil had a similar prevalence of breech‐strike to that of mulesed sheep (overall 0.9%, range 0–2.5%), but had significantly more dag, stain and wrinkle. Conclusion Early‐season treatment of unmulesed sheep prevented most breech‐strikes during the spring and early summer, and offers a short‐ to medium‐term option for the control of breech‐strike in south‐eastern Australia. There were some benefits associated with using clips, namely less dag and stain, and a shorter time spent crutching. However, to control breech‐strike the clipped sheep should be treated the same as unmulesed sheep. Reducing the prevalence and severity of dag will be a major component of strategies to control breech‐strike of Merinos in this region.     

中原地区肉羊生产系统的特征分析

 依据产区的生态地理特征，将河南省的地方绵山羊品种划分为不同的生态型，比较了平原型与丘陵型绵羊、平原型与山地型山羊的种质特征；论述了中原地区肉羊生产系统的结构功能特征，阐明了其进化发展过程；指出了中原地区肉羊生产系统的地位和需要探讨的问题。     

基于概率神经网络的凉山半细毛羊评价研究

根据凉山半细毛羊标准,通过MATLAB随机函数rand内插生成10个包含不同内插值数量的训练数据集,从中选取最优训练数据集用于构建4个概率神经网络。结果表明:网络分级与标准分级的回归分析相关系数(R)分别为0.9995、0.9996、0.9987和0.9960。进一步通过凉山半细毛羊样本数据对网络进行可靠性验证,分级的准确率达100%。说明以最优的训练数据集所构建的凉山半细毛羊概率神经网络评价分级模型准确可行。     

内皮素对哈萨克公羊生理生化指标的影响

为探究内皮素(ET)对羊生理生化指标的影响,选取5只新疆哈萨克公羊,采用不完全拉丁方试验设计,每只羊一次性静脉注射0.7nmol/kg ET-1或ET-3,对照组注射1g/L BSA生理盐水。结果显示,注射ET-1或ET-3后同对照组比,心率降低21%~36%(P0.01),红细胞总数增加10%~14%(P0.01),血红蛋白含量增加14%~17%(P0.05),红细胞比容增加14%~16%(P0.05);血糖含量增高27%~53%(P0.05),而且从这些指标改变的幅度和持续时间看,ET-1比ET-3作用强。在整个试验过程中未观察到羊呼吸频率、白细胞总数及分类计数和血浆蛋白浓度的影响(P0.05)。研究结果提示,ET可调控反刍动物心血管活动、红细胞比容,并参与血糖稳态调节,而且这些作用可能主要是通过内皮素A受体(ET-A)介导的。     

Further studies on theophylline-induced hypocalcaemia in sheep.

The effects of various doses of theophylline on the plasma levels of calcium, inorganic phosphorus and magnesium were studied in sheep. The dose of 0.25 mg/kg/min. during 40 min. produced a hypocalcaemia, which was abolished by thyroidectomy. At a higher dose, 1.0 mg/kg/min., thyroidectomy reduced, but did not block, the hypocalcaemic effect of theophylline. Young sheep showed a greater calcium response than did adult ewes. The decrease in plasma calcium was in no case accompanied by hypophosphataemia. Plasma magnesium decreased in all groups after 1.0 mg/kg/min. and was not influenced by thyroidectomy. Theophylline increased the urinary excretion of calcium and magnesium. It is concluded that theophylline-induced hypocalcaemia in sheep is in part a result of increased calcitonin secretion but that also other mechanisms must be involved, e. g. a direct effect of theophylline on bone.     

小尾寒羊血清酯酶多态性及其与产羔性能关系的研究

[目的]为小尾寒羊的多胎品种选育及鉴定提供理论依据。[方法]采用垂直板不连续聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳法（PAGE）检测小尾寒羊血清酯酶（Es）位点的多态性,将不同基因型个体与其产羔数进行统计分析,根据结果分析Es多态性与产羔数之间的相关性。[结果]Es位点有3种基因型,其中优势基因型为Es＋＋。3种基因型母羊的第1胎产羔数差异不显著（P〉0.05）,第2胎和第3胎产羔数以Es＋＋型显著（P〈0.05）高于Es--型和Es＋-型 Es＋＋型平均产羔数极显著（P〈0.01）高于Es--型和Es＋-型,Es--和Es＋-之间差异均不显著（P〉0.05）。[结论]Es位点可以作为小尾寒羊高产母羊早期选择的遗传标记位点,Es＋＋为其高产基因型。     

Detection of Mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded intestinal tissue by IS900 polymerase chain reaction

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate and compare methods for DNA extraction from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues and methods for detection of Mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis by IS900 PCR for confirmation of Johne's disease in ruminants. DESIGN: A laboratory study. PROCEDURE: Three methods of DNA extraction of differing complexity and two PCR protocols using different pairs of IS900 primers were compared. Sensitivity and specificity were assessed using samples from ruminants with and without histological evidence of Johne's disease. RESULTS: The simplest method of DNA extraction, which involved two cycles of boiling and freezing followed by centrifugation, gave more consistent results than two methods that required solvent extraction of paraffin, proteinase digestion and DNA purification. The sensitivity of detection of M avium subsp paratuberculosis in paraffin blocks stored for 1 to 6 years from 34 cases of Johne's disease in sheep, cattle and goats was 88% for a 229 bp IS900 PCR assay and 71% for a 413 bp assay, using the detection of acid-fast bacilli by Ziehl Neelsen staining of histological sections from the same blocks as the gold standard test. PCR results correlated with the abundance of acid-fast organisms in the tissues. No false positive reactions were detected. CONCLUSION: PCR for identification of M avium subsp paratuberculosis in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded intestinal tissues from ruminants is a rapid and useful method. A simple method of sample preparation is effective. Amplification of short fragments of IS900 is more effective than amplification of longer fragments.     

Comparative Parasitological and Haematological Changes in Two Breeds of Sheep Infected with Fasciola gigantica

Twelve each of Red Masai and Dorper sheep, aged between 6 and 9 months, were acquired from a Fasciola-free area of eastern Kenya. Each breed was divided into two groups of 6. The sheep in one group of each breed were experimentally infected with 400 viable metacercariae of Fasciola gigantica. The other group of 6 sheep of each breed remained as uninfected controls. The animals were monitored regularly for any evidence of disease. Blood samples taken weekly revealed a general reduction in red cell counts and packed cell volume, which was much faster in the infected Dorper sheep than in the Red Masai. This reduction started from the tenth week after infection and persisted to the end of the experiment 18 weeks post infection (PI). The absolute eosinophil counts rose in all the infected animals, but the values were higher among the Dorper than among the Red Masai. Patency occurred at weeks 12 and 13 PI in the Red Masai and Dorpers, respectively, with the latter shedding significantly more fluke eggs. The worm recovery rates were higher among the Dorpers than among the Red Masai, though not significantly so. On the basis of egg counts and clinicopathology, the Dorper sheep were considered to be more susceptible to F. gigantica infections.