山丹马6-磷酸葡萄糖脱氢酶及葡萄糖磷酸异构酶的多态性研究

用淀粉凝胶电泳及琼脂覆盖技术对山丹马的血液红细胞6磷酸葡萄糖脱氢酶和葡萄糖磷酸异构酶的电泳变异进行了测定。在6磷酸葡萄糖脱氢酶座位发现了3种表现型,即FF,FD和FS,其频率分别为0.958,0.021和0.021。在葡萄糖磷酸异构酶座位发现了两种表现型,即II和FI,其频率分别为0.771和0.229。等位基因频率直接通过表型计算出:PGDF为0.979,PGDD为0.0104,PGDS为0.0104;GPIF为0.1146,GPII为0.8854。亲子关系排除概率在6PGD和GPI座位点分别为0.1009和0.0912。两座位的个体识别概率分别为0.081和0.353。     

Epidemiological investigation of equine hindlimb ataxia with Setaria digitata in South Korea

BackgroundSince 2013, the number of requests for diagnosis for horses based on neurological symptoms has increased rapidly in South Korea. The affected horses have commonly exhibited symptoms of acute seasonal hindlimb ataxia. A previous study from 2015–2016 identified Setaria digitata as the causative agent.ObjectivesThis study is an epidemiological investigation to find out risk factors related to the rapid increase in hindlimb ataxia of horses due to aberrant parasites in South Korea.MethodsAn epidemiological investigation was conducted on 155 cohabiting horses in 41 horse ranches where the disease occurred. The surrounding environment was investigated at the disease-causing horse ranches (n = 41) and 20, randomly selected, non-infected ranches.ResultsHindlimb ataxia was confirmed in nine cohabiting horses; this was presumed to be caused by ectopic parasitism. Environments that mosquitoes inhabit, such as paddy fields within 2 km and less than 0.5 km from a river, had the greatest association with disease occurrence.ConclusionsMost horse ranches in South Korea are situated in favorable environments for mosquitoes. Moreover, the number of mosquitoes in the country has increased since 2013 due to climate change. Additional research is required; however, these data show that it is necessary to establish guidelines for the use of anthelmintic agents based on local factors in South Korea and disinfection of the environment to prevent disease outbreaks.     

Evaluation of low-molecular-weight heparin for the prevention of equine laminitis after colic surgery

Objectives – The aim of this study is to describe the prevalence of postoperative laminitis in colic cases and to determine if low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) is effective in preventing this complication.
Design – Retrospective clinical study.
Animals – Client-owned horses.
Interventions – SC administration of enoxaparin during the postoperative period.
Measurements and Main Results – Medical records of 360 horses undergoing surgery for colic and surviving at least 3 days were evaluated. Fifty-six horses admitted before 1995 did not receive LMWH (control group) and 304 admitted after 1995 received LMWH as a prophylaxis for laminitis (treatment group). Three grades of severity were defined for laminitis. Prevalence and severity of laminitis were compared between the 2 groups. Several parameters recorded on admission (sex, age, breed, site and nature of the disease, heart rate, PCV, gravity score, and shock score) and the administration of LMWH were tested as risk factors in the development of laminitis in a logistic regression procedure. Prevalence and grade of laminitis were significantly lower in the treatment group. Only the absence of LMWH was recognized as a significant risk factor in the logistic regression model.
Conclusions – The administration of LMWH appears to be effective in the prophylaxis of laminitis following colic surgery and may be useful in the postoperative management of these horses.     

Onset of luteal activity in foaling and seasonally anoestrous mares treated with artificial light.

Sixty-four mares (27 foaling, 37 barren or maiden), mainly Finnhorses, were subjected to treatment with 14.5 h of light and 9.5 h of darkness, starting at the beginning of December. The onset of cycling in non-foaling mares was estimated by weekly serum progesterone determinations. All of the non-foaling mares cycled in the middle of March. They started to cycle on average in the middle of February, 11.1 weeks after the beginning of the trial. There were statistically significant differences in relation to breed (Finnhorses started to cycle 2 weeks later than warm blooded, p less than 0.02) and in relation to age (brood mares with mean age 10 years, started to cycle 10 days later than those 3 years old, p less than 0.03). However, there was no statistical significant relation to previous lactation, although lactating mares lactating up to the previous autumn started to cycle 7 days later than dry mares (p less than 0.15). Artificial insemination of 14 mares in the 2nd oestrus of the year, in March, resulted in 12 foalings in the subsequent year (86%). The following winter, all pregnant mares (N = 27) were exposed to the same kind of light treatment, starting on 1st December. The 1st mare foaled at the end of January. The time from foaling to 1st post partum ovulation was significantly longer (17.0 days) in foalings taking place within 10 weeks from the beginning of the light treatment period, than in foalings occurring after more than 10 weeks of lighting (12.1 days) (p less than 0.01).     

近15年新疆伊犁河谷草地退化时空变化特征

以伊犁河谷为研究区,利用MODIS NDVI数据及像元二分模型,反演草地植被覆盖度,以草地植被覆盖度为评价标准,结合数字高程模型(digital elevation model,DEM)数据及Getis-Ord Gi*冷/热点分析方法,对伊犁河谷2001-2015年草地退化的时空特征进行了分析。结果表明,1)受持续过度放牧及气候条件影响,2001-2015年伊犁河谷草地整体持续退化,15年内退化草地比例达46.18%,但退化以轻度为主;2)空间上退化草地的分布范围逐步向高海拔区域扩展,海拔1 500-3 000 m的中山和中高山区退化草地扩张最明显;3)草地生态保护政策的实施减缓了草地退化速度,草地退化与改善的空间差异逐渐明显,以退化为主的单一变化趋势有所改变;4)利用NDVI反演植被覆盖度对草地退化进行评价的方法存在对高植被覆盖区域草地退化敏感性相对较弱的缺陷。     

伊犁州引种杨树品种中龄期生长特性研究

对伊犁哈萨克自治州27个引种杨树品种八年生植株的树高、胸径进行了方差分析,同时以每公顷材积年生长量为指标进行了聚类分析.结果显示,各杨树品种在胸径、树高生长方面存在显著的差异,表明各杨树品种对当地的环境适应性是不同的,其中年均胸径生长最快的品种是Ⅰ-467,年均树高生长最快的品种是Ⅰ-262,并且树高生长与胸径生长之间存在一定的正相关性.材积聚类分析筛选出表现最好的杨树品种有9个,表现较好的有3个,表现一般的有11个,表现较差的有4个;其中适应性最强、生长最快的杨树品种是大叶钻天杨.这个结果可为今后在伊犁哈萨克自治州进行杨树品种推广及平原造林提供依据.     

海拔对伊犁河谷草原苦豆子种群土壤活性有机碳特征的影响

本研究以伊犁河谷托乎拉苏大草原占据优势的苦豆子（Sophora alopecuroides）种群为研究对象,通过对不同海拔梯度下土壤微生物量碳、水溶性有机碳和易氧化有机碳含量的分布特征及其影响因素研究,解析苦豆子蔓延对土壤生态环境的影响,为了解伊犁河谷草原毒害草蔓延机制及提供草原毒害草管控措施提供理论依据。结果表明：土壤微生物量碳随着海拔的上升而增加,随土层的加深而降低;而土壤水溶性有机碳和易氧化有机碳均随海拔、土层的增加而增加。根据相关性分析可知,土壤活性有机碳的3种组分与总有机碳、全氮以及土壤湿度3个指标之间相关性达到极显著水平（P<0.01）;且3种组分之间也相互存在显著相关。研究表明海拔、全氮含量以及总有机碳3个指标显著影响苦豆子种群活性有机碳含量的变化。     

伊犁地区5个引种白蜡对干旱胁迫的响应

为探讨伊犁地区5个引种白蜡的抗旱性差异,为区域化推广栽培提供理论依据,以5个3a生引种白蜡苗木为材料,采用盆栽控水试验方法,设置4个水分梯度(CK、T1、T2、T3,田间持水量分别为80％～85％、55％～60％、40％～45％、30％～35％),测定其SOD活性、POD活性、MDA含量、脯氨酸含量、可溶性蛋白含量、叶...     

Demonstration of Heterogeneous Genotypes of Taylorella equigenitalis Isolated from Horses in Six European Countries by Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis

Forty-six isolates of Taylorella equigenitalis were analysed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) after separate digestion of the genomic DNA with ApaI and with NotI. The isolates had been obtained from horses in six European countries and were classified into 18 genotypes. In Belgium, 2 genotypes were detected in 2 isolates, in England 9 among 15, in Finland 2 in 2, in France 2 among 10, in Sweden 3 among 5, and in Switzerland 3 among 12. Two English isolates and 4 French isolates gave identical PFGE profiles to those of Kentucky 188 from the United States. A common genotype was found in 5 isolates from Belgium and England and also in 10 isolates from France and Switzerland. The analysis of genomic DNA from 12 isolates of T. equigenitalis obtained from male horses in France, Sweden and Switzerland gave no evidence of a sex-related difference in the genomic DNA. Genomic DNA from 11 streptomycin (STM)-susceptible isolates obtained in Sweden and Switzerland were classified into four genotypes by PFGE. Each of the six genotypes determined among the 17 isolates from these two countries had single phenotypes for resistance or susceptibility to STM.