桑叶养猪实用技术

桑叶养猪实用技术分为桑树种植技术和桑叶干粉发酵养猪技术两个部分。利用荒地种植桑树,降低生猪养殖饲养成本,桑叶养猪种养结合,成为生态农业典范。桑叶干粉发酵技术,提高了桑叶干粉的可消化率和饲料功能。桑叶干粉发酵料占配方6%~10%,做成桑叶猪饲料,替代3%~5%鱼粉、豆粕等蛋白质饲料,节约了饲料成本。桑叶喂养猪(简称桑叶猪,下同)的猪肉中含有肌苷酸等风味物质,显著提高猪肉胴体品质和猪肉风味。设计猪尿处理,采用红泥膜沼气池降解工程工艺应用后,降解水兑2倍清水对桑树喷灌工艺,减少人工处理劳力和成本费用。设计10%抗非洲猪瘟中药饲料添加剂+桑叶饲料,预期防治非洲猪瘟总效果85%以上。桑叶养猪实用技术可行,供同行参考。     

Influences of sand cover on erosion processes of loess slopes based on rainfall simulation experiments

Aeolian-fluvial interplay erosion regions are subject to intense soil erosion and are of particular concern in loess areas of northwestern China.Understanding the composition,distribution,and transport processes of eroded sediments in these regions is of considerable scientific significance for controlling soil erosion.In this study,based on laboratory rainfall simulation experiments,we analyzed rainfall-induced erosion processes on sand-covered loess slopes(SS)with different sand cover patterns(including length and thickness)and uncovered loess slopes(LS)to investigate the influences of sand cover on erosion processes of loess slopes in case regions of aeolian-fluvial erosion.The grain-size curves of eroded sediments were fitted using the Weibull function.Compositions of eroded sediments under different sand cover patterns and rainfall intensities were analyzed to explore sediment transport modes of SS.The influences of sand cover amount and pattern on erosion processes of loess slopes were also discussed.The results show that sand cover on loess slopes influences the proportion of loess erosion and that the compositions of eroded sediments vary between SS and LS.Sand cover on loess slopes transforms silt erosion into sand erosion by reducing splash erosion and changing the rainfall-induced erosion processes.The percentage of eroded sand from SS in the early stage of runoff and sediment generation is always higher than that in the late stage.Sand cover on loess slopes aggravates loess erosion,not only by adding sand as additional eroded sediments but also by increasing the amount of eroded loess,compared with the loess slopes without sand cover.The influence of sand cover pattern on runoff yield and the amount of eroded sediments is larger than that of sand cover amount.Furthermore,given the same sand cover pattern,a thicker sand cover could increase sand erosion while a thinner sand cover could aggravate loess erosion.This difference explains the existence of intense erosion on slopes that are thinly covered with sand in regions where aeolian erosion and fluvial erosion interact.     

桑树赤锈病的发生与防治

调查广西宜州市桑树赤锈病发生状况,分析桑树赤锈病发生特点及规律,针对宜州市桑树赤锈病大面积发生状况,提出有效地防治措施。     

延边黄牛MYH3和MYH8基因多态性及其与生长性状的关联分析

本研究旨在探索延边黄牛肌球蛋白重链3（MYH3）和肌球蛋白重链8（MYH8）基因多态性及其与生长性状的关联性,应用DNA直接测序法和高分辨率熔解曲线分型技术对120头24月龄延边黄牛MYH3、MYH8基因的遗传变异进行分析,并结合延边黄牛生长性状数据进行了关联分析。结果显示,在MYH3基因的29602748位点检测到一处T>G突变,包含2个等位基因：T和G,存在3种基因型：TG、TT和GG;在MYH8基因的29406042位点检测到一处C>T突变,包含2个等位基因：C和T,存在3种基因型：CT、CC和TT。关联分析显示,MYH3基因29602748位点T>G突变显著影响24月龄延边黄牛十字部高和腰角宽,表现为GG基因型十字部高显著高于TT基因型（P<0.05）,腰角宽显著高于TT和TG基因型（P<0.05）。MYH8基因29406042位点C>T突变显著影响24月龄延边黄牛体重和胸围,表现为CT和TT基因型体重显著高于CC基因型（P<0.05）;TT基因型胸围显著高于CC基因型（P<0.05）。本研究结果表明,MYH3、MYH8基因多态性与延边黄牛的部分生长性状相关,可作为现代肉牛育种中分子标记辅助选择的候选基因。     

兰州引黄灌区玉米田杂草群落及生态位研究

对兰州引黄灌区玉米田杂草进行了研究,初步了解了其杂草种类和杂草种群的消长动态。主要杂草有打碗花、田旋花、藜、刺儿菜、荠菜、稗草、马齿苋、反枝苋、狗尾草。主要杂草的干重为藜、反枝苋、稗草分别列第1、第2和第3位。生态位的研究结果表明,藜的时间、水平、垂直生态位宽度值最高,分别为0.952 6,0.971 8,0.937 9,其危害最大;其次为反枝苋和稗草。藜、反枝苋和稗草为优势种群,与玉米存在时间、水平、垂直空间的竞争激烈,并且这3种杂草的生态位重叠值也最大,因此在使用一种除草剂时,可能会导致另两种杂草的发生与蔓延。马齿苋尽管数量最多,但其在垂直方位的生态位宽度值最小,对玉米影响小,处于劣势。除草处理各经济性状指标值均较不除草对照高,其折合产量为10 111.11 kg/hm2,较不除草处理增产36.19%。     

桑椹菌核病研究进展

桑椹菌核病是由3种子囊菌真菌引起的相似症状病害的统称,为果桑生产中的毁灭性真菌病害,严重制约果桑产业的发展。这3种病原菌同为死体营养型病原菌,其侵染手段多样,侵染机制复杂。由于3种病原菌在人工培养上存在不同程度的困难(桑实杯盘菌和肉阜状杯盘菌难培养,核地杖菌在人工培养基上不能完成生活史),在一定程度上限制了病原菌的研究。本文综述了桑椹菌核病的侵染循环、病原菌、病害流行、病原菌与寄主互作等方面的研究进展,并对未来的研究进行了展望,以期对桑椹菌核病的深入研究提供参考。     

白菜型油菜DFR基因的克隆与序列分析

By using RACE (rapid amplification ofcDNA ends) based homologous cloning strategy, we have successfully isolated the genomic and full-length cDNA sequences of a gene encoding typical DFR (dihydroflavonol-4-reductase) from black-seeded Brassica campestris L. var. oleifera DC.. The gene, designated BcDFR here, is 1 722bp in length and harbors 5 introns with typical splice sites of plant DFR genes. BcDFR cDNA is 1311bp in length with a 1 158bp ORF as well as a 25bp 5‘ UTR and a 128bp 3‘ UTR. The encoded BcDFR protein is 385 aa with a calculated Mw of 42.85kD and a pI value of 5.55. The nucleotide and amino acid sequences of this gene share extensive homologies to plant DFR genes of wide origins especially high similarities to Cruciferous DFR genes. Sequence analyses such as phylogenetic analysis, conserved domain search and substrate specificity region detection all indicated that BcDFR gene is a quite potentially biofunctional gene. Its cloning enables us to further dissect the possible relatedness between DFR gene and Brassica seed coat color traits and to create transgenic novel yellow-seeded rapeseed germplasm through antisense- or RNAi-suppression of DFR gene expression in black-seeded elite cultivars.     

几个外引水稻品种在河南沿黄地区的表现

通过对几个外引水稻品种在河南沿黄地区引种试验，表明杂交稻生长速度快，抽穗较晚，但分蘖力强、成穗率高、穗粒数多，产量的增产潜力较大。除金世纪外其他几个品种与豫粳6号相比基本持平，但产量也有不同程度的提高。但金世纪品质与豫粳6号相比有较大的提高，产量也提高。     

增加投入实现引黄灌溉良性发展

引黄灌溉经济效益显著,但是灌区管理单位的财务收益却入不敷出。根据经济效益分析与水费收交情况,作者认为应加强水费回收,多方面集资以及深化水费改革等,以利于灌溉事业的良性发展。