渝东白山羊与波尔山羊杂交F1生长发育规律研究

采用Logistic、Von Bertalanffy和Gompertz 3种典型非线性生长模型分别对渝东白山羊与波尔山羊F1 0~6月龄体重数据进行曲线拟合分析。结果表明,Logistic、Von Bertalanffy和Gompertz 3种模型均能很好地拟合杂交F1生长曲线,但Von Bertalanffy在拟合效果和预测体重效果方面更佳。分析Von Bertalanffy模型拟合参数,发现拐点体重为6.501 kg,拐点月龄为1.292月,最大月增重为2.955 kg,成熟体重为21.994 kg。     

西门塔尔牛改良当地黄牛效果试验

[目的]为了加快当地黄牛改良步伐,进一步提高黄牛生产性能.[方法]通过对西本杂交一代牛与本地黄牛育肥试验对比,[结果]显示,西杂牛各生长阶段生产性能均高于本地黄牛,育肥效果良好.[结论]试验对加快肉牛产业的发展步伐具有重要的参考价值.     

6个不同品种公牛与湘西黄牛杂交F1代的生长发育性状

选用6个不同品种的公牛(三河牛、秦川牛、安格斯牛、短角牛、西门塔尔牛、夏洛来牛)与湘西黄牛实行经济杂交,随机抽取各杂交方式初生犊牛10头共60头组成试验组,抽取湘西黄牛初生犊牛10头组成对照组,对犊牛各阶段的体质量、日增体质量及体尺进行统计分析。结果表明,试验组犊牛的体质量、日增体质量、体斜长、胸围均优于对照组(P<0.05);各生长阶段以6～12月龄增量最快,均超过1kg/d;试验组犊牛的体高、管围与对照组差异不显著(P>0.05)。国外品种夏洛来牛、西门塔尔牛是湘西黄牛经济杂交的优势父本,国内品种秦川牛是湘西黄牛经济杂交的优势父本,杂交F1代育肥牛12月龄后出栏为宜。     

黑龙江省野家杂交猪养殖现状分析

利用野猪(♂)与家猪(♀)进行杂交的后代称为野家杂交猪.结合黑龙江省野家杂交猪养殖发展现状、存在的问题和发展前景,提出了几点建议.     

Status of Lipid Peroxidation,Some Antioxidant Enzymes and Erythrocytic Fragility of Crossbred Cattle Naturally Infected with <Emphasis Type="Italic">Theileria annulata</Emphasis>

Erythrocytic lipid peroxidation, activities of some antioxidant enzymes and osmotic fragility of red blood cells was studied in adult (>1 year) crossbred cattle naturally infected with Theileria annulata. Twenty clinically healthy animals (group I) and 15 clinical cases (group II) of tropical theileriosis were selected. Cattle suffering from theileriosis had significantly higher (p<0.01) erythrocytic lipid peroxidation and osmotic fragility. Activities of antioxidant enzymes, viz. glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) and glutamate peroxidase (GPx) were also significantly increased (p<0.01) in group II. However, superoxide dismutase and catalase did not show significant changes. The results indicated that infection with theileria led to increased oxidative stress to the animals, and even a significant rise in the activities of antioxidant enzymes. G6PD and GPx could not lower this oxidative stress. However, the increase in the activities of antioxidant enzymes pointed towards the body’s defence mechanism against lipid peroxidation during oxidative stress in theileriosis.     

Variations in the Length of the Y Chromosome and the Seminal Attributes of Karan Fries Bulls

Fresh semen and blood samples from 20 Karan Fries bulls (4–6 years of age), maintained at the Artificial Breeding Complex of the National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, were collected for one year. All the bulls had 60 chromosomes, comprising 58 acrocentric autosomes and 2 sex chromosomes, with X as the larger and Y as the smaller submetacentric. The mean lengths of Y_p and Y_q; the total length of the Y chromosome and the length ratio were 1.10±0.01 m, 1.83±0.02 m, 2.92±0.02 m and 62.46%±0.18%, respectively. Analysis of the length measurements of the the Y chromosomes in Karan Fries bulls showed that all the measurements, viz., the short arm of the Y chromosome, the long arm of the Y chromosome, the total length of the Y chromosome and the variation in length of Y chromosome, varied significantly among bulls. All the seminal parameters, the volume of semen, mass activity, initial motility, concentration, live sperm count and the total abnormal sperm count, were significantly affected by bulls, whereas season had a significant effect on all the seminal parameters except the total abnormal sperm count. No significant relationship between the ratio of the long arm to the total length of the Y chromosome and seminal attributes was observed.     

Comparison of feed intake, digestibility and fattening performance of Brahman grade cattle (Bos indicus) and crossbred water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis)

Twenty growing crossbred cattle and crossbred water buffalo (carabao) with an average age of 22 (18–24 months) months were equally distributed into two treatment groups according to species. The animals were fed with the same ration made up of corn silage (50%) + wet brewer's spent grain (30%) + concentrate mixture (20%), and their fattening performance was monitored. The digestibilities of the different nutrients were likewise determined. The economics of raising the animals under intensive production system was calculated. Species differences did not influence total dry matter intake of the animals, when expressed as percentage of the bodyweight and per metabolic body size. There were no significant differences in digestion coefficients of the different nutrients, except for crude protein in crossbred water buffalo and crossbred cattle, although the digestibility of dry matter, organic matter and nitrogen free extract tended to be high in the former than in the latter. Likewise, average daily gain (ADG) was similar, although crossbred water buffalo had numerically higher ADG (828.6 vs 785.5 g) than crossbred cattle during the 6 months feeding. During the first 3 months of feeding (1–90 days), the ADG of crossbred water buffalo was 1066.1 g compared to 940.1 g for crossbred cattle. From 91 to 180 days, the crossbred cattle had slightly higher ADG (630.1 vs 591.1 g) but also the difference was not significant. The return above feed cost was comparable for crossbred cattle and crossbred water buffalo during the first 90 days of feeding. However, extending the feeding period from 91 to 180 days , income over feed cost was higher (P < 0.05) for crossbred cattle by PhP 5.3/kg gain than crossbred water buffalo. Results showed that crossbred water buffalo could attain similar growth rate with that of crossbred cattle under intensive system, when fed with high quality feed materials.     

苜蓿草颗粒育肥西杂牛效果试验

在基础日粮相同的情况下,试验组采用苜蓿草颗粒,对照组采用铡碎的苜蓿干草,对12头1岁西杂公牛进行60 d育肥试验.测定分析了两组牛的体重、日增重及经济效益,以比较苜蓿的不同调制方法对育肥效果的影响,试验结果表明:头均日增重试验组0.95 kg,比对照0.72kg提高了31.84%(P＜0.01),经济效益试验组比对照组提高了54.3%(P＜0.01).因此选择苜蓿草颗粒进行西杂公牛的育肥效果较好.     

杜泊、萨福克、无角陶塞特与小尾寒羊杂交肥羔肉质特性的研究

选在相同条件下饲养的杜泊、萨福克、无角陶塞特与小尾寒羊杂交一代及小尾寒羊(公羔、5～6月龄、体重46～48.5kg)共16只,每个处理4只.经屠宰取背最长肌和股二头肌各半制备样品,测定肌肉中化学成分、氨基酸、矿物质和微量元素含量.结果表明:粗蛋白质含量,萨寒F120.8%,陶寒F120.5%,杜寒F120.1%,均高于小尾寒羊(19.6%).每百克肉中17种氨基酸总量也分别高于小尾寒羊,依次为萨寒F1(20.09g),陶寒F1(19.78g);杜寒F1(19.13g);小尾寒羊(18.42g).人体营养所需要的必需氨基酸总量分别比小尾寒羊提高8.86%;8.54%和2.16%,其中组氨酸的含量显著高于小尾寒羊(P＜0.05);杜寒F1和陶寒F1的蛋氨酸含量也显著高于小尾寒羊(P＜0.05).与风味(鲜味)有直接关系的天冬氨酸和谷氨酸含量也分别比小尾寒羊高.萨寒F1和陶寒F1粗脂肪含量高于小尾寒羊(P＜0.05).杂交肥羔钙极显著高于小尾寒羊(P＜0.01),铁、锰、硒含量也显著高于小尾寒羊(P＜0.05);而小尾寒羊肥羔肉含锌量(34mg)高于杂交羊;有毒有害元素均未检出.说明肉羊生产的生态环境和饲料条件均能达到绿色食品和有机食品的要求.利用杜泊、萨福克、无角陶塞特绵羊杂交小尾寒羊,杂交羊不仅肉的营养价值得到了提高,而且肉的风味也得到了较大改善.综合评定杂交肥羔肉的营养价值和肉质品质均优于小尾寒羊.