Nutritional and health benefits of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.)

Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) is a plant species of the Chenopodiaceae family, which originated in the Andean region and can adapt to different types of soil and climatic conditions. It is a pseudo grain with high nutritional value as it is rich in proteins, lipids, fiber, vitamins, and minerals, and has an extraordinary balance of essential amino acids. Quinoa also contains a high amount of health-beneficial phytochemicals including saponins, phytosterols, phytoecdysteroids. It is known that quinoa has considerably positive effects on metabolic, cardiovascular, and gastrointestinal health in humans. Despite all these health benefits, quinoa is not widely consumed due to several reasons, such as high import costs of the grain and lack of knowledge regarding its benefits among consumers. As we believe that further research is needed to provide more information about quinoa, this review was prepared to investigate its basic compounds and health effects.     

百菌清在番茄上的自然消解动态及健康风险研究

试验设喷施百菌清推荐剂量(2 400g/hm2,T1)、加倍剂量(4 800g/hm2,T2)、喷清水(对照)3个处理。探讨蔬菜上百菌清残留量的安全性,开展番茄中百菌清残留的消解规律试验。结果表明,百菌清在番茄上的自然消解速度随施药剂量的增大而减慢。喷药后24h内消解最快,T1处理和T2处理施药后1d的消解率分别为60.22%和27.58%,7d的消解率达91.72%和46.67%,其半衰期分别为4.3d和18.0d。按推荐剂量施药1d后采摘,番茄中百菌清残留量为0.370mg/kg,符合国家相关标准的规定;从人体健康风险角度分析,如果按规范施药,百菌清在番茄上施用安全,产品食用无健康风险。     

森林和水的相互作用研究进展

通过参加国际林联第24届世界林业大会, 结合会议论文和现场报告等资料可以看出, 森林和水不仅可以提供生态产品和服务, 而且还存在相互作用。研究森林和水的相互作用对于理解陆地生态系统功能、保护环境和应对气候变化具有重要意义。文中在了解全球森林和水相互作用研究现状的基础上, 总结森林与水研究的趋势和热点问题, 重点阐述在生态水文认知、干旱适应综合研究、土地利用变化与生态水文过程、森林和水管理及其生态系统服务等方面的研究进展, 以期借鉴国际森林和水生态系统保护、研究和管理理念, 拓宽我国生态水文及相关领域的研究思路。     

小根蒜研究现状及其开发利用

介绍了小根蒜的生物学特征、营养价值及其医疗保健功效的研究现状,并对小根蒜的开发利用进行了探讨。     

A survey of mutations in the Cochliomyia hominivorax (Diptera: Calliphoridae) esterase E3 gene associated with organophosphate resistance and the molecular identification of mutant alleles

Cochliomyia hominivorax (Calliphoridae) is one of the most important myiasis-causing flies and is responsible for severe economic losses to the livestock industry throughout the Neotropical region. In Brazil, C. hominivorax has been controlled mainly with organophosphate (OP) insecticides, although the inappropriate use of these chemicals can result in the selection of resistant flies. Changes in carboxylesterase activity have been associated with OP insecticides in some arthopodan species. In this work, we isolated and characterized part of the E3 gene in C. hominivorax (ChE7), which contained the same substitutions responsible for the acquisition of OP hydrolase activity in Lucilia cuprina (Calliphoridae). Digestion of the polymerase chain reaction products with a restriction enzyme that specifically recognized the mutation site unambiguously differentiated wild and mutated esterase alleles. The PCR-RFLP assay therefore provided a fast, reliable DNA-based method for identifying C. hominivorax individuals with a mutation in the esterase gene. Further bioassays to determine the association of this mutation with OP resistance in C. hominivorax should allow the development of more effective strategies for managing this species.     

百合的营养成份与保健作用

百合富含多种营养和生物活性成份,具有抗癌,止咳祛痰平喘,镇静催眠,降血糖,以及抗疲劳提高免疫力的功能特性。综述了百合的保健功能及营养成份。     

微生物制剂"绿源生"对番茄产量的影响

[目的]更加科学地使用“绿源生”制剂并指导农业生产。[方法]以清水和NEB制剂作对照,采用灌窝和栽前喷洒翻地方法,研究“绿源生”微生物制剂对番茄的增产效果。[结果]使用“绿源生”后,番茄植株长势增强,平均株高增加21．0cm;叶片大而平展。厚度增加;抗病性好;果实大、色泽光亮,处理组平均果径比对照增加0．6cm;使用“绿源生”15．000、30．000、45．000L／hm2喷洒分别比清水对照组增产4．09％、8．16％和11．05％,灌窝分别增产5．12％、10．00％和13．69％,以45．000L／hm2剂量的“绿源生”灌窝处理增产效果最为明显。“绿源生”和NEB制剂对番茄的增产效果差异不显著。[结论]番茄栽植时灌窝“绿源生”微生物肥更有利于在根系局部形成有益的微生物区系,能更好地发挥其促生长作用。     

保健馒头制作工艺研究

[目的]为研制营养丰富的绿色保健食品提供理论依据。[方法]在发酵面团中添加适量的仙人掌汁、砂仁汁和柠檬酸制作保健馒头。[结果]在250g面粉中加入50g4m仙人掌汁、30g砂仁汁蒸制的馒头色泽、弹性不佳,表面不光滑;加入70g仙人掌汁时馒头的弹性延伸性不好：加入90g仙人掌汁时,馒头的弹性佳,表面光滑。加入25g砂仁汁时馒头的结构好,异味较小;加入30和35g砂仁汁时馒头的比容较大,弹性较好,但馒头中有异味。加入0．6％柠檬香精时馒头的比客气味改良和口感比较好。影响馒头品质的因素为：砂仁汁〉仙人掌汁〉柠檬酸。最好的组合为：面粉250g＋仙人掌汁90g＋砂仁汁25g＋柠檬香精0．6％。[结论]该研究为药食资源的综合开发奠定了基础。     

花粉污染对人体健康的影响

利用天津市气象局1999～2007年花粉观测数据、中国气传致敏花粉调查资料、天津市胸科医院、公安医院2001～2005年花粉过敏皮试阳性病例资料,分析了花粉污染分布规律及花粉与花粉症的特点,为花粉污染及花粉症的有效预防提出了建议。     

2003～2007年注册茶保健食品的情况分析

对2003~2007年经国家食品药品监督管理局(SFDA)批准注册的茶保健食品的产品数量、地区分布、配方类型、产品剂型、保健功能及茶成分添加形式等信息进行统计分析。结果表明,2003~2007年SFDA共批准注册茶保健食品168个,占批准注册的保健食品总数的4.4%,主要来自北京、上海、广东等发达省市。产品配方以复方为主,剂型主要集中在胶囊剂、茶剂、片剂这3种形式上,其他剂型产品数量较少。茶保健食品功能分布广泛,共涉及21项,其中又以"辅助降脂"和"减肥"功能注册的产品数量最多。功能成分以纯茶叶形式添加的产品占47%,以茶叶提取物形式添加的产品占53%。