紫石英与养生浅谈

在检索、阅读大量文献基础上,综述了紫石英的矿物形态、来源、成分、养生保健价值、应用注意事项等,以为全民养生保健提供参考。     

农业绿色高效节水研究现状与未来发展趋势

农业绿色高效节水是保障中国食物安全、农产品有效供给和农业可持续发展的重要措施。笔者分析了国内现代农业发展面临的新形势和国内外农业高效节水研究发展态势,指出了国内农业高效节水发展遇到的瓶颈和应关注的问题,提出了国内农业节水发展中应实现“四个转变”,即由单一节水灌溉技术向与农艺技术相结合转变,由单一高效节水向节水节肥节药一体化转变,由单一节水高产向节水提质高效转变,由重视节水面积数量向重视工程质量和效益转变;搞好“四个完善”,即完善节水科技推广与技术服务体系,完善农业节水试验与用水监测网络,完善农业节水补偿机制,完善节水产品市场准入机制;以及加强变化环境下农业高效节水科学研究工作的建议。指出了未来中国节水高效农业研究的关键科学问题,包括作物生命需水及对变化环境的响应、作物精量高效用水的多过程协同调控、作物生产-水资源-生态系统的互馈机制。     

Effect of weaning age and postweaning feeding programme on the growth performance of pigs to 10 weeks of age

This study aimed to determine the effects of weaning age and postweaning feeding programme on pig performance and health. In experiment 1, 96 same gender pairs of pigs weaned at 3, 4 and 5 weeks of age were used in a 3 (weaning age)×4 (dietary programme) factorial design experiment. Pigs received different amounts of a phase 1 diet (16.2 MJ/kg digestible energy (DE) and 16.2 g/kg lysine) and phase 2 diet (15.3 MJ/kg DE and 15.0 g/kg lysine): (A) very low (VL, 1 kg phase 1 and 3 kg phase 2 diet per pig); (B) low (L, 2 kg phase 1 and 6 kg phase 2 diet per pig); (C) medium (M, 3 kg phase 1 and 9 kg phase 2 diet per pig) or (D) high (H, 4 kg phase 1 and 12 kg phase 2 diet per pig), followed by a cereal based phase 3 diet (15.0 MJ/kg DE and 13.8 g/kg lysine) to 10 weeks of age. In experiment 2, faecal samples from 60 pigs weaned at 3, 4 and 5 weeks of age were collected at 10 days postweaning and analysed for Escherichia coli and lactic acid bacteria counts. In experiment 1, there were no interaction effects of age×dietary programme on growth performance. Dietary programme did not affect growth performance from weaning to 10 weeks of age. From weaning to 10 weeks of age, increasing weaning age increased average daily gain (ADG; 363, 402, and 476 g for 3, 4 and 5 weeks respectively; s.e. 17.6; P<0.001), average daily feed intake (ADFI; 560, 620, and 680 g; s.e. 26.1; P<0.001), and improved feed conversion ratio (FCR; 1.57, 1.55, and 1.43; s.e. 0.045; P<0.05). However, weaning age had no effect (P>0.05) on pig weight at 10 weeks of age. In experiment 2, 3 week weaned pigs had higher faecal counts of E. coli (P<0.05) than 4 week weaned pigs and higher faecal counts of lactic acid bacteria (P>0.01) than 5 week weaned pigs at 10 days postweaning. In conclusion, feeding higher amounts of phases 1 and 2 diets did not affect performance at any of the weaning ages tested. Increasing weaning age increased growth performance between weaning and 10 weeks of age, but had no effect on the resulting body weight. Pigs weaned at 3 weeks of age had increased counts of selected faecal bacteria compared to those weaned later.     

玉米花粉的功效及利用综述

介绍了玉米花粉的营养成分、保健功效,分析了玉米花粉在保健食品及医药、化妆品等方面的应用,并对玉米花粉的研究方向提出了建议。     

李子的养生价值浅谈

在广泛文献检索基础上,对李子种属、成分、养生保健价值,代表性膳食及使用注意事项等进行概述,为全民养生保健提供科学资料。     

松柏山水库流域森林景观健康评价

以松柏山水库流域森林生态系统为研究对象,选择不同的景观评价指标进行森林景观健康评价,结果表明,该水库流域生态环境相对较差。对松柏山水库流域森林景观健康进行评价,旨在为松柏山水库的环境治理提供理论依据。     

不同品种水稻对砷的吸收转运及其健康风险研究

为了比较不同品种水稻砷的积累特点,筛选可食用部分低砷积累水稻品种,研究通过盆栽试验,分析了江苏省常见的11个水稻品种根、茎、叶、谷壳和籽粒中的砷含量、砷的转运系数和根表铁膜厚度及其对砷固持的影响,并预估了不同品种水稻籽粒砷的健康风险。结果表明,不同品种水稻各部位的砷含量差异显著(P <0.05),泰瑞丰5号籽粒中的砷含量最高,而镇稻16号籽粒中的砷含量最低,后者大约是前者的一半。砷在水稻相邻部位的转运系数存在品种间差异(P <0.05),砷在水稻叶与籽粒间的转运系数最大的水稻品种是泰瑞丰5号,最小的是镇稻16号。根表铁膜量在不同品种间差异显著(P <0.05),其中淮稻6号的铁膜量是武运粳23的2.17倍。根表铁膜量与铁膜中的砷含量及水稻根叶中的砷含量均呈显著正相关关系(P <0.05)。不同水稻品种间的目标风险指数(THQ)也存在显著差异,其中泰瑞丰5号的THQ值最高,而镇稻16号的THQ值最低,两者相差0.99倍。研究表明,镇稻16号由于较低的砷吸收和转运能力,在中低砷污染土壤上种植风险较小,而泰瑞丰5号风险最大。     

17.2％吡唑醚菌酯·氟环唑悬乳剂对玉米的防病保健作用

[目的]了解17.2％吡唑醚菌酯·氟环唑悬乳剂在防治玉米大斑病中的应用效果.[方法]通过2012、2013年两年的田间示范试验研究17.2％吡唑醚菌酯·氟环唑悬乳剂对玉米大斑病的防治效果及其对玉米植株的保健作用.[结果]17.2％吡唑醚菌酯·氟环唑悬乳剂对玉米大斑病的防治效果达到90％以上,该药剂处理后的玉米穗长明显增加、叶绿素含量增加、秃头率降低、产量增加.[结论]17.2％吡唑醚菌酯·氟环唑悬乳剂对玉米大斑病有很好的防治效果,并且对玉米有保健增产作用.     

“十二五”期间湘江株洲段水环境健康风险评价

根据2011—2015年湘江株洲段水质监测资料,对朱亭、枫溪、白石和霞湾4个水质断面的环境健康风险状况进行评价。结果表明:(1)躯体毒物质的个人年风险大小排列为氟化物、铜、铅、氨氮、汞、氰化物、酚,而基因毒物质的个人年风险大小排序为砷、六价铬、镉;(2)基因毒物质所产生的健康风险远超过躯体毒物质,基因毒物质为各断面的优先控制污染物,氟化物为躯体毒物质中优先控制污染物;(3)"十二五"期间,4个断面经由饮水途径所致健康危害的个人年总风险,均超过国际辐射防护委员会(ICRP)推荐的最大可接受值。该评价结论对于指导湘江株洲段水环境风险管理具有参考价值。     

Effect of housing conditions (clean vs. dirty) on growth performance and feeding behavior in growing pigs in a tropical climate

The effect of bad sanitary conditions on growth performance and feeding behaviour were studied on a total of 48 Large White pigs between 95 and 130 d of age. This experiment carried out during the hot season in a tropical humid climate. Two groups of 12 pigs each were housed in a clean environment in which the pens were disinfected thoroughly prior to stocking and maintained in a clean state by daily washing the pens and by weekly emptying the manure stored beneath the partial concrete floor. The dirty environment was achieved by not cleaning the pens prior to stocking or throughout the experiment and by storing the manure beneath the floor slats throughout the experimental period. The microbial pressure was increased by introducing 5 additional non experimental pigs near each experimental dirty pen. Feeding behaviour parameters were measured using automatic feed dispensers. Pigs housed in a clean environment consumed more feed (2.283 vs. 1.953 kg/d; P < 0.001) and grew faster (871 vs. 780 g/d; P < 0.05) than those housed in the dirty environment. No significant effect on treatment was reported for the feed conversion efficiency (2.70 kg/kg on average). The reduced average daily feed intake in dirty pens was associated with a reduction of the meal size (334 vs. 282 g/meal; P = 0.10) whereas the meal frequency was not affected by treatment (7.5 meals/d on average). The rate of feed intake was significantly higher in the clean than in the dirty environment (34.0 vs. 29.9 g/min; P < 0.05).