节水灌溉对水稻茎生长状况的影响

在大型蒸渗仪中,研究了不同水肥处理下不同生育期水稻茎对氮素吸收利用方面的变化规律。结果显示,节水灌溉水稻茎的含氮量在营养生长阶段高于淹灌的,而生殖生长阶段则与淹灌处理差别不大。表明节水灌溉有利于水稻茎在营养生长阶段对氮素的吸收利用和生殖生长阶段向叶片和产量器官的转移。     

辽宁稻区渠道防渗技术科技成果转化研究

以渠道防渗技术为例,在辽宁稻区通过对其节水科技成果应用的调查分析,进一步整理出辽宁节水农业管理体系的建立。应用统计学研究方法,比较渠道防渗技术科技成果应用前后对辽宁稻区农业节水及产量的变化,分析节水农业应用的价值和潜力。渠道防渗技术的应用为辽宁稻区节水农业科技成果转化的管理提供了新的思路,为整个节水农业科技成果转化管理体系的建立打下了坚实的基础。     

Increasing water productivity for paddy irrigation in China

This paper introduces the research on practices to increase water productivity for paddy irrigation in China and summarizes the experience on implementation of the alternate wetting and drying (AWD) irrigation technique. The widespread adoption of the AWD practice on 40% of the rice growing area provides an opportunity for China to produce more food in the water-surplus south where it is wet and the traditional based paddy field agriculture is dominant. Physical and institutional measures leading to increasing water and land productivity in rice-based systems are discussed. Research studies show that AWD practice does not reduce rice yield, but does increase the productivity of water. Water use and thus water charges can be reduced. However, experience shows that demonstrations and training are needed to encourage farmer adoption. Furthermore, there are a range of complementary policies and practices, such as volumetric pricing or farm pond development, which provide incentives for adoption of AWD. Finally, there remain many scientific issues to be addressed. Application of the AWD technique in some regions is still very difficult because of both bio-physical and socio-economic problems. In conclusion, the widespread adoption of AWD is only a first step in the continuing effort to find practices that will increase water productivity for paddy irrigation in China.Dr. Yuanhua Li was a Professor and Dean in Wuhan University of Hydraulic and Electric Engineering from 1996 to 2000. After that, he has been a Professor and Deputy Director General of the National Centre for Irrigation and Drainage Development, Ministry of Water Resources, China. He has been doing research on irrigation principally for paddy since 1982.Dr. Randolph Barker is an agricultural economist and Professor Emeritus Cornell University. From 1966 to 1978 he served as head of the Economics Department, International Rice Research Institute, Los Banos, Philippines and from 1995 to 2004 was principal researcher, International Water Management Institute, Colombo, Sri Lanka.     

谈甜菜的节水灌溉与技术

论述了甜菜的耐旱性与需水规律及节水灌溉的必要性;总结了我国甜菜节水灌溉的试验研究;介绍了节水灌溉的多项技术.     

沙地果树水雾微喷灌高效节水技术研究

沙地果树采用水雾微喷灌较大水漫灌节水36.3%;0～20 cm、21～40 cm、41～60 cm土层的土壤容重,水雾微喷比大水漫灌分别降低5.5%、3.0%和1.2%,土壤总孔隙度分别增加8%、2.3%和9.5%;0～20 cm、21～40 cm、41～60 cm土层土壤持水量比大水漫灌分别增加10.9%、17.1%和15.4%;果园中午水雾微喷灌1h后,树下气温从30.7℃降到27.2℃,相对湿度从65.1%提高到75.6%;水雾微喷新梢生长量增加14.0%,树冠投影面积增加14.2%;水雾微喷灌,李子单产与单果重分别增加了22.5%和9.7%,可溶性固型物含量降低2.7%。水雾微喷改善了土壤物理性质,增加了土壤孔隙度,提高了各层土壤持水量,且地表不形成径流,土壤保水保肥作用明显增强。     

单片机模糊控制节水灌溉系统设计

介绍了灌溉控制系统的组成及工作原理,以单片机为核心控制芯片,设计了一套节水灌溉控制系统,并对其决策过程进行了具体分析。     

发展旱作节水农业的实践与成效

分析了十堰市南水北调中线工程水源区干旱发生的规律,介绍了该市发展旱作节水农业的作法,并针对存在的问题提出了发展建议。     

关于北京市节水抗旱型草坪植被调查

文章从分析北京市草坪总体状况入手,描述了北京市现有常见草坪草种的种类及规模情况,着重从草坪用水及总体成本方面分析对比了冷季型草、暖季型草及地被植物的差异性,得出了相比于冷季型草来说暖季型草及地被植物比较节水抗旱及节省成本的结论。而目前北京市以冷季型草种居多,因此北京市推广使用节水抗旱草坪草种存在必要性。       

节水灌溉方式下作物需水量和灌溉需水量研究综述

中国是一个严重缺水的国家,农业用水浪费严重,发展节水农业势在必行。作物生长需水量与灌溉需水量密切相关,作物生长需水量估算方法各异,并以彭曼公式为主,该公式与参照作物需水量（ET0）和作物生长系数（Kc）有关。计划灌溉需水量是节水灌溉管理的一个重要因素,其定额方式各有利弊,仍然以农田水量平衡方程为主要评估手段。     

21世纪我国节水农业发展趋势及其对策

分析了我国农业用水现状及其发展要求，提出了２１世纪初可能产生突破的几项关键节水技术，分析了农业高效节水技术将对我国２１世纪农业发展可能产生的贡献，最后论述了未来我国在发展节水农业中应采取的一些对策。