海洋活性胶原肽酶解液的脱色脱腥工艺

以富含胶原的海产品下脚料为原料,用海洋碱性蛋白酶894水解,得到具有清除羟自由基活性的酶解液.采用一次正交回归实验设计及结果分析,建立回归方程,研究了活性炭、β-环糊精、酵母三者用量及温度、pH和作用时间6因子及其可能存在交互作用的变化关系对该酶解液综合脱色脱腥效果的影响.结果表明,在给定取值范围内,pH对综合脱色脱腥效果影响高度显著,酵母添加量、pH与酵母添加量的交互作用影响显著,其它因子及其可能的交互作用影响不显著,得最佳工艺为:温度37℃、pH 4.0、活性炭0.8%、β-环糊精和酵母分别为0.1%,作用30 min.此时,综合脱色脱腥效果值为90.90,蛋白回收率为98.02%,羟自由基清除率的IC50浓度从原来的1.42 mg·mL-1增加到1.62 mg·mL-1.     

陇东黄土高原塬区冬小麦越冬期土壤水分损耗规律浅析

通过分析陇东塬区冬小麦越冬期土壤水分损耗,以及决定越冬土壤水分损耗的关键气象要素,指出在秋季降水充沛、土壤收墒充足、冬季气温偏高、降水明显偏少的年型,越冬期土壤水分损耗是不可忽视的,其中有一半年份,越冬期土壤水分损耗占冬小麦生长季节自然降水的10%～22%。尤其是入冬前土壤含水量充沛,而返青以后生长期降水相对较少的年份,越冬期麦田土壤水分损耗相当于返青到成熟期降水量的44%。     

西藏现代农牧业循环发展模式探讨

为充分认识与挖掘农牧业生产发展潜力与有效模式,推进农牧业生产建设与可持续高效发展提供思想借鉴,基于循环经济理论,对西藏不同生态发展区进行实地调查研究,采用具体分析与综合评价结合的方法,对西藏农牧业生产中青稞绿色清洁生产种植,农牧林之间内在与产出有机结合,农业与畜牧业废弃物综合开发利用,草畜与优势资源综合运用以及渔业与植物共存等方面进行了细致的梳理,总结出西藏农牧业循环经济发展模式,即青稞清洁生产型、农牧林种养加结合型、农牧业废弃物综合利用型、高寒草畜暖棚推进型以及鱼菜共养庭院型5种特色发展模式。分别是"减量化、再利用、再循环"的青稞清洁生产体系,以"高效生态养殖、科学种植以及农产品深加工"为一体的农牧林种养加结合体系,"资源优化组合与合理利用"的农牧业废弃物综合利用体系,以"气候特色、草畜平衡与科学养殖"为一体的高寒草畜暖棚体系,"水产养殖与园艺作物共促进"的鱼菜共养庭院体系。上述5种循环模式是西藏不同生态发展区农牧业发展的典型模式,具有各自的发展属性与特色,值得借鉴推广与应用,最后根据分析的结果提出推进西藏农牧业发展循环模式的4项举措与建议。     

生物质气化与废弃物焚烧联合发电技术环境效益分析

介绍了生物质气化与废弃物焚烧联合发电技术,确定了该联合发电技术减排CO2环境效益的评估方法和基准线,定量计算了CO2减排增量成本和环境效益。对燃料费用、贴现率、C排放系数变化引起的不确定性进行了敏感性分析。结果表明,该联合发电技术具有显著的CO2减排环境效益,与基准线同等规模时效益为1457.2万美元/年。     

Ultrasonic treatment to improve the quality of recycled pulp fiber

The effect of ultrasound on the quality of recycled fibers was investigated. Ultrasound was applied to recycled pulp fiber suspension before ink removal by conventional flotation. The ultrasonic treatment induced an increase in the sedimentation volume of the fiber, which implies that the flexibility and bulkiness of the fiber increase. The water retention value of the ultrasonically treated fiber recovered from the loss caused by the recycling. These facts are due to a beating effect of the treatment. The paper sheets prepared from the ultrasonically treated fiber suspension showed higher sheet density, tensile strength, and brightness than that from an untreated fiber suspension. The process, which consists of ultrasonic treatment for 1 min following flotation deinking, requires about 1.4 times as much energy as the conventional flotation deinking process, but it induced 20% improvement in brightness. The results indicate that the ultrasonic treatment is effective in improving recycled fiber quality.This report was presented in part at the 48th Annual Meeting of the Japan Wood Research Society, Shizuoka, April 1998; and at the 5th Annual Meeting of the Japan Cellulose Society, Kyoto, July 1998     

高校绿色化学实验室模式初探

目前各高校化学类实验室产生的废液、废气和废渣未经处理直接排放现象比较普遍。由于实验室设计不合理,师生环保意识淡薄和对废弃物处置不到位,使实验室废弃物对环境的污染越来越严重。该文以实验室废液的处理为研究重点,探寻改善实验室废液处理的方法,创建绿色化学实验室模式。     

Preparation of board-like moldings from composites of isolated lignins and waste paper II: effect of inorganic salt addition on board performance and evaluation of practical use of MDF

Board-shaped composites with medium density (MDF) were prepared from isolated lignins and waste newspaper, in addition to preparation of the composites with high density (HB). The board properties of both composites concerning bending strength and water resistance were improved by the addition of hardwood acetic acid lignin (HAL). The internal bond strength and water resistance of MDF, in particular the degree of thickness swelling (TS), were also improved by prolonged molding time. Adding inorganic salts contributed to the improvement of TS. The effect depended on the charge of the cation. Considering practical utilization of lignin-based MDF as a structural material, its performance was evaluated by combination of the single-shear test of nailed joints and the modulus of rigidity. As a result, this MDF had sufficient strength to be utilized as an internal shear wall material. Therefore, lignin can be considered as an alternative to conventional adhesives for the production of boards such as HB and MDF.     

吸收式热泵在农村的节能应用设想

吸收式热泵具有节能与环保作用 ,目前 ,世界上大部分热泵用于住宅和商用建筑的供热、通风 ,农业用途的吸收式热泵数量很少。本文提出了吸收式热泵在我国农村地区的应用设想 ,根据热经济学的研究方法 ,分析了吸收式热泵的余热经济性 ,为今后农村余热资源的回收利用指出了研究方向。     

活性炭对甘薯果脯废糖液的脱色效果研究

[目的]研究活性炭对甘薯果脯制作过程中产生的废糖液进行脱色处理的效果。[方法]在通过单因素试验研究不同活性炭用量、不同脱色温度、不同脱色时间对脱色效果的影响基础上,通过正交试验确定废糖液的最佳脱色工艺参数。[结果]废糖液的最佳脱色工艺参数：活性炭用量2.5%,最佳脱色处理温度为80℃,最佳脱色处理时间为40 min。[结论]该研究为甘薯果脯加工的综合利用提供一种新途径。     

厌氧颗粒污泥菌种的培育研究

[目的]研究厌氧颗粒污泥菌种的培育及产业化生产,解决废水处理领域高效厌氧菌种来源不足的困难,为第3代厌氧反应器在我国的推广与应用创造良好的环境。[方法]采用水力条件更有利于颗粒污泥的形成的IC反应器,用厌氧消化污泥作为接种物,用柠檬酸废水培育出颗粒污泥菌种。[结果]通过3个月的培育,IC厌氧反应器负荷达到20kg/（m3.d）以上,达到了IC反应器的最佳运行负荷,并成功地在1700m3IC厌氧反应器中培育出厌氧颗粒污泥。[结论]通过一定的控制技术,可以成功培育出高效的厌氧菌种。