陕西省猪瘟流行毒株E0和E2全基因分子特征分析

【目的】分析目前陕西省猪瘟病毒（CSFV）流行毒株的E0、E2全基因分子特征,为猪瘟防控提供参考。【方法】根据CSFV Shimen株及HCLV株全基因序列,设计并合成了4对引物,采用RT-PCR方法,从采自陕西不同地区的猪瘟病料中扩增E0、E2全基因并进行序列测定分析。【结果】从采集的病料中成功扩增了5株猪瘟流行毒株的E0、E2全基因,这5株流行毒株E0基因核苷酸同源性在94.4％～99.8％,与参考毒株ALD、Alfort187、Brescia、CAP、Glentorf、GPE、GXWZ02、HCLV、Paderborn、Rimes和Shimen的核苷酸同源性在80.4％～96.3％,氨基酸同源性在86.5％～99.3％。5株流行毒株E2基因核苷酸同源性在91.1％～98.0％,与参考毒株的核苷酸同源性在77.7％～94.6％,氨基酸同源性在85.2％～95.9％。5株流行毒株E0 Rnase活性区域氨基酸基序位点没有变异,但导致流行毒株发生免疫逃逸的E2蛋白关键位点中有3个发生了变异。【结论】测定的陕西省猪瘟流行毒株E0、E2基因序列变异明显,其中E2蛋白关键位点变异较大。     

牛病毒性腹泻病毒牦牛分离株E0基因的克隆表达

将青海牦牛牛病毒性腹泻病毒(BVDV)青海泽库(QHZK)株的E0基因亚克隆入原核表达载体pET-32(a),构建了重组表达载体pET-32(a)-E0,然后用重组质粒转化Rosetta(DE3)感受态细胞,并利用IPTG诱导蛋白表达。表达的蛋白用His-Band镍柱进行亲合层析纯化,Western blot鉴定表达蛋白。结果显示,E0基因可在大肠埃希菌中获得表达,表达产物的分子质量约为44ku,与预期的蛋白分子质量大小一致;Western blot分析表明,该蛋白可以与BVDV标准阳性血清产生特异性结合反应。     

Herbage intake by cattle on tarchonanthus veld in the Northern Cape as affected by stocking rate and grazing system 1

Abstract

In a trial with young Bonsmara cattle, four different stocking rates (10, 7, 6 and 4 ha/large stock unit) were applied in both a rotational and continuous grazing system. Feed intake was estimated during spring, summer, autumn and winter for four consecutive years starting in 1977.

Irrespective of the grazing system, feed intake declined with an increase in stocking rate. On average the highest intake was recorded in January and reached the lowest levels in October and July.

Livemass gain was found to be closely related to feed intake.     

近57年中国北方气候干湿变化及与太平洋年代际振荡的关系

利用中国北方424个气象站点1960—2016年逐日地面观测资料,应用联合国粮农组织(FAO)Penman-Monteith模型计算潜在蒸散(ET0),基于降水量和潜在蒸散计算的湿润指数研究了1960—2016年中国北方干湿气候时空变化特征,分析了太平洋年代际振荡(PDO)对气候干湿变化的影响。结果表明:北方总体干湿变化不显著,空间上表现为西北、青藏高原、内蒙古湿润化而华北干旱化的特征。极端干旱区面积显著缩小,干旱区、半干旱区则明显扩张,表明气候敏感区域在扩张。极端干旱区和干旱区显著变湿润,半干旱区有变湿润的趋势。1960—1990年至1991—2016年,北方经历了变湿润的过程。西北西部、青藏高原湿润化趋势明显,极端干旱—干旱区的界线呈西界东移、南北界线收缩的变化。干旱化趋势主要发生在华北和东北部分地区,华北黄河沿线一带半干旱—半湿润区界线向东南方向扩张。东北中部和西北西部由于降水增加而ET0减少,气候变湿润。华北中西部、内蒙古东部和东北部分地区降水减少、ET0增加,气候变干旱。在PDO暖位相,西北、东北北部及内蒙古东部地区地表气候偏湿润;在PDO冷位相,地表气候偏干旱。而华北则相反。     

Preparation of liquid polyesterpolyols from glucose and its methyl derivative

Preparation of liquid polyols from d-(+)-glucose (Glc) and its derivative, methyl--d-glucoside (m-Glc), has been studied. Direct reaction of -caprolactone (CL) with Glc (CL:Glc = 2:1–5:1 in weight ratio) at 150°C using tin(II) 2-ethyl hexanoate (SnEht₂) (series A), in which melted Glc was suspended in CL, resulted in a dark-brown coloration of the reactants. The reaction was accompanied by formation of high molecular weight resins, a pH drop, production of water, and a considerable decrease in the hydroxyl value from the theoretically expected one. In the case of Glc/ethylene glycol (EG)/CL reaction system with SnEht₂ catalyst at 150°C (series B), in which the weight ratio of Glc to EG was fixed at 1:1, Glc dissolved in the EG/CL mixture, but the brown coloration of the reactant mixture still occurred. In this case, the formation of water was enhanced, but the other effects found in series A were suppressed to a considerable extent. In the m-Glc/CL/SnEht₂ reaction system (series C), in which m-Glc reacted with two to five times weight amounts of CL under the same conditions adopted in series A, development of the color, the production of high molecular weight materials and water, and the changes in pH and hydroxyl value were not observed. These results are discussed based on the chemical structural differences: Glc exists mostly in the hemiacetal form, but tautomerizes to the aldehyde, whereas m-Glc is an acetal and is protected from reversion to the aldehyde.     

Involvement of the ERK1/2 MAPK pathway in insulin-induced S6K1 activation in avian cells

In mammals, insulin regulates S6K1, a key enzyme involved in the control of protein synthesis, via the well-documented phosphoinositide-3'kinase (PI3K) pathway. Conversely, S6K1 is activated by insulin in avian muscle despite the relative insulin insensitivity of the PI3K pathway in this tissue. Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade is another insulin sensitive pathway. The aim of this study was to explore the potential involvement of the ERK1/2 MAPK pathway in the control of p70 S6 kinase (S6K1) in avian species. Firstly, we characterized ERK1/2 MAPK in various chicken tissues. ERK2 was the only isoform detected in avian species whatever the tissue studied. We also showed that ERK2 is activated in vivo by insulin in chicken muscle. The regulation and the role of ERK2 in insulin signaling were next investigated in chicken hepatoma cells (LMH) and primary myoblasts. Insulin stimulation led to ERK2 and S6K1 phosphorylation, and concomitantly increased kinase activity. U0126, an inhibitor of the ERK MAPK pathway, completely abolished insulin-induced S6K1 phosphorylation and activity in chicken myoblasts, whereas its effect was only partial in LMH cells. In conclusion, these results show that ERK1/2 MAPK is involved in the control of S6K1 by insulin in chicken cells, particularly myoblasts.     

Effect of high temperature stress on the reproductive growth of strawberry cvs. ‘Nyoho’ and ‘Toyonoka’

High temperatures are known to reduce fruit size and fruit weight in strawberry, but cultivar differences in the response to high temperature stress during the reproductive stage up to the second inflorescence have not been sufficiently reported. We examined the effect of two day/night temperature regimes on fruit set and fruit growth in two cultivars, ‘Nyoho’ and ‘Toyonoka’. A high day/night temperature of 30/25 °C reduced the number of inflorescences, flowers, and fruits in both cultivars compared with plants grown at 23/18 °C. The percentage of fruit set in ‘Nyoho’ was not significantly different between the two temperature treatments, while that in ‘Toyonoka’ was much lower at 30/25 °C than at 23/18 °C. Days to ripening was shorter at 30/25 °C than at 23/18 °C, and no cultivar differences were observed. Fresh weight of primary, secondary, and tertiary fruits was greater at 23/18 °C than at 30/25 °C in both cultivars, and no cultivar differences were observed, except in tertiary fruits. The diameter of fruits from all positions was also reduced at 30/25 °C in both cultivars. Relative growth rates of fruits showed two peaks in both cultivars and in both temperature treatments. Both peaks appeared earlier at 30/25 °C than at 23/18 °C. Percentage of fruit set at 30/25 °C in the second inflorescence was also significantly lower in ‘Toyonoka’ than in ‘Nyoho’. These results indicate that high temperature stress negatively affects the reproductive process in strawberry and that plant response to high temperature stress is cultivar-related in such responses.     

Effect of quinoa flour on gluten-free bread batter rheology and bread quality

A new gluten-free bread formulations composed of quinoa, buckwheat, rice flour and potato starch were developed in the present study. Rheological characteristics of the bread batter with increasing amount of quinoa were determined; storage (G′) and loss modulus (G″) values were also measured for investigation of viscoelastic properties. To evaluate the quality of breads; technological and physical (bake loss %, specific volume, texture, microstructure, color), chemical (protein, moisture, ash) and sensory properties were determined. All batter formulations independent of the quinoa amount exhibited pseudoplastic behavior, and G′ values were found to be higher than G″ values in expressing the solid like characteristics of the batter. Amount of quinoa flour addition did not present significant difference on bake loss%, specific volume and protein content (p>0.05); however, 25% quinoa flour bread displayed better results with its higher sensory scores and softer texture. Quinoa and buckwheat flour mixture therefore will be a good alternative for conventional gluten-free bread formulations.     

浅谈0-1分布在解概率论与数理统计题中的应用

本文对0-1分布及0-1分布在解概率论与数理统计题中的应用做了分析与总结.     

ET_0的主因子和主成分神经网络模型比较

为了简化BP神经网络预测ET0的模型,将气象因子包括最高、最低和日平均温度、日照时数、相对湿度和风速进行主成分分析和偏相关分析,提取主成分和主因子,分别建立了基于主成分和主因子的三层BP神经网络模型,并对两种模型的训练和预测结果进行比较。选取湟水流域的乐都气象站2003年到2006年5月逐日的气象资料,采用Matlab神经网络工具箱进行模型训练与预测。结果表明主成分神经网络训练和预测模型的精度都优于主因子神经网络模型。主要是由于两种模型选取输入层的因子不同造成的。