浅谈0-1分布在解概率论与数理统计题中的应用

本文对0-1分布及0-1分布在解概率论与数理统计题中的应用做了分析与总结.     

ET_0的主因子和主成分神经网络模型比较

为了简化BP神经网络预测ET0的模型,将气象因子包括最高、最低和日平均温度、日照时数、相对湿度和风速进行主成分分析和偏相关分析,提取主成分和主因子,分别建立了基于主成分和主因子的三层BP神经网络模型,并对两种模型的训练和预测结果进行比较。选取湟水流域的乐都气象站2003年到2006年5月逐日的气象资料,采用Matlab神经网络工具箱进行模型训练与预测。结果表明主成分神经网络训练和预测模型的精度都优于主因子神经网络模型。主要是由于两种模型选取输入层的因子不同造成的。     

0号柴油水溶性成分对僧帽牡蛎脂质过氧化的影响

在实验条件下,将僧帽牡蛎分别置于含有0.5、2、5 mg·L-10号柴油水溶性成分的海水中,在污染后1、4、7、11、15 d采样,15 d后转入清洁海水中进行6 d的恢复实验,采样,观察消化腺和鳃脂质过氧化的程度。结果表明:(1)正常生理条件下消化腺和鳃也有一定程度的脂质过氧化,消化腺显著高于鳃;(2)脂质过氧化的程度随污染时间的延长而增加,并存在一定的剂量-效应关系,可作为监测海洋石油污染的生物标志物;(3)解除污染后,脂质过氧化恢复到对照水平。     

中国粮食主产区主要气象因子时空演变特征及其对参考作物蒸散量影响

准确评估粮食主产区气象因子变化特征及对参考作物蒸散量(reference crop evapotranspiration,ET0)的影响,对农田水文循环、区域农业水资源优化配置与高效利用等具有重要意义。利用中国粮食主产区258个气象站点1961―2013年的逐日气象资料,采用Penman-Monteith公式计算ET0,通过M-K趋势检验法、偏相关分析、多元线性回归计算贡献率等方法,分析了1961—2013年中国粮食主产区主要气象因子时空演变及其对ET0变化的贡献特征。结果表明,1961—2013年中国粮食主产区相对湿度、温度、降水在空间上由南至北呈降低趋势,而日照时间和风速则由南至北呈增高趋势;1961—2013年中国粮食主产区全区、温带湿润半湿润地区(I区)、温带干旱半干旱地区(II区)、亚热带湿润地区(III区)及暖温带半湿润地区(IV区)多年平均气温均呈增大趋势,平均风速、相对湿度、降水与日照时间均呈减小趋势;1961—2013年中国粮食主产区年内ET0均呈锯齿状下降,且ET0在四季呈现出夏季春季秋季冬季的特征;多年平均风速、气温、日照时间与ET0在全区及各分区总体均显著正相关(P0.05),而相对湿度与ET0在全区及各分区均极显著负相关(P0.01);1961—2013年中国粮食主产区全区及I~IV区气温、风速、相对湿度对ET0变化均具有较大贡献,其中相对湿度为I区、III区及IV区的主要气象驱动因子,其次为平均气温和风速;而II区ET0变化的主要驱动因子为风速,其平均贡献率WII(风速)为0.37;综上所述,中国粮食主产区主要气象因子变化特征与ET0的响应,均呈现出区域性、季节性差异。     

Stimulation of ROS-scavenging systems in squash (Cucurbita pepo L.) plants by compost supplementation under normal and low temperature conditions

The beneficial effect of compost, the final product of aerobic biodegradation of organic matter, on growth, lipid peroxidation [as malondialdehyde (MDA], hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) and superoxide anion (O₂^•−), activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and glutathione reductase (GR), as well as reduced ascorbate (ASC) and glutathione (GSH) and their oxidized forms was investigated in squash (Cucurbita pepo L. cv. Eskandarany) plants exposed to normal and low temperature (LT) conditions. LT stress of 8 °C significantly reduced the plant growth of untreated plants, but compost alleviated the adverse effect of stress and significantly increased the fresh and dry weights under normal and stress conditions. LT also induced accumulation of H₂O₂ and O₂^•− and resulted in increased lipid peroxidation, pointing out to cellular oxidative stress. Under compost application, such reactive oxygen species (ROS) and peroxidized lipids were markedly reduced, but SOD, CAT, APX and GR activities, key enzymes of ROS-scavenging systems, were significantly increased. Data also indicated that there were general reductions in total ascorbate and glutathione pool in LT control plants, but compost-treated ones considerably have maintained higher levels of such redox metabolites. Significantly higher ratios of ASC/DHA (dehydroascorbate) and GSH/GSSG (glutathione disulfide) were generally found in compost-treated plants than in untreated-ones. It is evident that compost induced enhancement of LT tolerance was related to up-regulation of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant systems. Such enhancement would eventually protect plant cells from LT-induced oxidative stress reactions via scavenging ROS.     

Synthesis of dihydroxyphenacyl glycosides for biological and medicinal study: β-oxoacteoside from Paulownia tomentosa

The protected structure of -oxoacteoside (tomentoside A), 2-oxo-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl 3-O-(2,3,4-tri-O-acetyl--l-rhamnopyranosyl)-4-O-caffeoyl--d-glucopyranoside 14 was synthesized in 14% overall yield in 11 steps, starting from d-glucose for biological and medicinal studies of phenylpropanoid glycosides. The first step was the preparation of a 3-O-rhamnopyranosyl disaccharide sugar core 2 from a suitably protected rhamnosyl trichloroacetimidate 10 and glucose derivative (diacetone-d-glucose 1) in 71% yield. To the glucose moiety of this sugar core, several protection/deprotection procedures were performed sequentially to obtain a fully acetylated sugar core 7 with a 4-OH group on the glucose moiety, in 57% yield in five steps. Thereafter, to the 4-OH group of the glucose moiety, selective 4-O-caffeoylation was achieved by proton-transfer esterification with 3,4-di-O-allylcaffeic acid 16 to give the caffeoyl disaccharide 11 in 97% yield. Then, it was converted to trichloroacetimidate 13 for a glycosylation donor in 90% in two steps. Finally, anomeric glycosylation was conducted with 2-oxo-2-(3,4-di-allyloxyphenyl)ethyl alcohol 19 with catalytic amounts of BF₃·Et₂O to give 2-oxo-2-(3,4-di-allyloxyphenyl)ethyl 2,6-di-O-acetyl-3-O-(2,3,4-tri-O-acetyl--l-rhamnopyranosyl)-4-O-(3,4-di-allyloxycaffeoyl)--d-glucopyranoside 14 in 60% yield. Deprotected intermediates of compounds 2, 11, 14, and 19 which were obtained in high yield would be useful for biological and medicinal studies of phenylpropanoid glycosides.Part of this study was presented at the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Japan Wood Research Society, Gifu, April, 2002     

基于GA-BP网络的西藏高海拔地区ET0预报

选择那曲县(海拔4 450 m)、改则县(海拔4 700 m)作为西藏高原气候典型地区,通过遗传-神经(GA-BP)网络训练,应用1983—2012年30年的数据建立GA-BP网络模型,采用前一年的气象资料预报当年的参考作物腾发量,当2010—2012年连续3年的预报值均满足设定的阈值下限时,输出预测结果,这样使得模型在保证了预报精确度的同时兼具预报稳定性。结果发现:经GA-BP网络确定的2010—2012年3年模型预报值与真实值间的线性关系明显,决定系数R~2分别达到0.8805、0.9363、0.9167,斜率接近于1;多年的模拟预报值与实际值之间的相对误差均处于0.1以下,小于设定的阈值下限。对于易获得气象资料的地区,研究成果可对高海拔地区未来月际间作物需水量的变化进行预判,进而为将来灌溉制度的制定提供依据;对于缺测气象资料的地区,通过本文建立的网络模型,结合气象条件类似的站点,可在大时间尺度下对该地区ET_0变化趋势进行模拟,同时对下年度灌溉制度的拟定提供指导。     

Further data to the aetiology, pathogenesis and therapy of infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis

Out of a total of 224 bovine eye secretions, 126 Moraxella bovis and 64 Neisseria ovis strains were isolated. The pathogenesis and histological lesions caused by Neisseria ovis have been studied on the eyes of three calves naturally affected with IBK, using electron microscopy.

Neisseria ovis caused in 1–12 weeks old calves acute, transient and mostly benign serous conjunctivitis with only slight affection of the cornea. More rarely erosions and even ulceration of the cornea have been observed.

Moraxella bovis and Neisseria ovis strains proved nearly unanimously sensitive in vitro to chloramphenicol, neomycin, oxytetracyclin, nitrofurantoin, erythromycin and cefoperazone. Other antibiotics and chemotherapeutics inhibited the growth of these agents only partly or were ineffective.

Experimental therapy has been carried out using a single i.m. injection of Terramycin/LA inj. (Pfizer) in a dose of 20 mg/kg body mass, repeated if necessary after 72–96 h. This formulation proved more effective and practical than treatments used earlier.     

猪瘟病毒广西流行毒株E0基因的克隆与分析

应用RT-PCR方法对猪瘟病毒E0基因进行扩增、克隆及测序,用DNA Star分析软件对6株毒株与猪瘟兔化弱毒苗(HCLV)、石门(Shimen)株、Paderborn株、GXWZ02株的相应片段进行比较分析,构建了CSFV遗传进化树。序列分析表明,广西流行株与HCLV株、Shimen株、Paderborn株、GXWZ02株之间核苷酸的同源性分别为80.8%~81.5%、82.8%~83.3%、93.1%~94.2%、93.7%~94.2%,推导的氨基酸同源性分别为88.3%~89.7%、89.7%~91.1%、96.2%~97.7%、97.7%~99.1%;6株广西CSFV流行毒株与国内外已发表的14株病毒相应序列进行比较,构建遗传进化树,结果表明所比较的20株毒株分为2个基因群,广西流行毒株均属于基因群Ⅱ。本研究成功地对广西流行猪瘟病毒株的E0基因进行了测序分析,表明近年来广西流行毒株未发生较大的变异,但病毒株有远离疫苗株发展的趋势。     

猪瘟病毒E0基因在CHO细胞中的表达

将EGFPE0融合基因插入哺乳动物细胞表达载体pCI-dhfr中,构建重组质粒pCI-EGFPE0。将重组质粒转染CHO(dhfr-),在荧光显微镜下观察到少数细胞呈现绿色荧光,表明转染成功。通过MTX加压筛选后,在荧光显微镜下观察到多数细胞呈现强绿色荧光,表明重组融合蛋白EGFPE0在CHO细胞中得到大量表达。高效表达重组融合蛋白细胞克隆的获得为进一步大量制备可溶性的猪瘟病毒E0糖蛋白、制备其单抗筛选抗原表位及研究E0蛋白的生物学功能奠定基础。