沙尘暴应激对荷斯坦牛红、白细胞及红细胞黏附免疫功能的影响

在春夏之交沙尘暴多发季节,为初步了解沙尘暴对奶牛的影响,在沙尘暴期间和前后随机抽取6头荷斯坦牛,用经典红、白细胞计数、白细胞分类计数及红细胞黏附免疫功能检测方法,检测红、白细胞数及红细胞黏附免疫功能的变化。结果表明。沙尘暴期间红、白细胞总数有所增高;中性粒细胞极显著增多;淋巴细胞却显著下降;C3bR和ICR的受体花环率略有减少。说明沙尘暴所导致的环境低氧使奶牛增加红细胞数以应付缺氧的环境;中性粒细胞为吞噬沙尘颗粒清除异物极显著提高,而具有特异性免疫作用的淋巴细胞却显著下降;同时红细胞黏附免疫功能也有所下降。可见沙尘暴使炎症细胞聚集,特异性免疫细胞显著下降,很可能导致炎症发生。     

硝酸铈对小鼠非特异性免疫功能的影响研究

［目的］探讨稀土元素对动物非特异性免疫功能的影响机制及其有效剂量。［方法］将试验小鼠随机平均分为4组,分别饲喂蒸馏水和低（2 mg/kg）、中（20 mg/kg）、高（200 mg/kg）剂量的硝酸铈溶液,50 d后测定和比较其免疫指标。［结果］对照组和低、中、高剂量组小鼠的外周血白细胞总数分别为（5.60±1.13）×109、（7.20±1.36）×109、（9.42±2.48）×109和（8.62±2.72）×109/L,表明硝酸铈可提高小鼠的外周血白细胞总数。4组小鼠的校正廓清指数分别为6.167 4±0.256 8、5.557 3±0.184 3、10.210 6±2.084 6和9.237 3±1.918 7,表明硝酸铈可提高小鼠的碳粒廓清指数。4组小鼠的脾指数为3.074 3±0.319 2、4.275 4±1.400 2、4.907 8±1.342 3和3.655 9±1.150 8,胸腺指数分别为2.217 8±0.815 6、2.341 4±1.026 7、3.695 3±0.582 1和2.868 3±0.707 3,表明硝酸铈可提高小鼠的脾指数和胸腺指数。［结论］口服硝酸铈可显著提高小鼠的非特异性免疫力,以中等剂量的效果最为显著。     

Comparison of white blood cell differential percentages determined by the in-house LaserCyte hematology analyzer and a manual method

BACKGROUND: The LaserCyte hematology analyzer (IDEXX Laboratories, Chalfont St. Peter, Bucks, UK) is the first in-house laser-based single channel flow cytometer designed specifically for veterinary practice. The instrument provides a full hematologic analysis including a 5-part WBC differential (LC-diff%). We are unaware of published studies comparing LC-diff% results to those determined by other methods used in practice. OBJECTIVE: To compare LC-diff% results to those obtained by a manual differential cell count (M-diff%). METHODS: Eighty-six venous blood samples from 44 dogs and 42 cats were collected into EDTA tubes at the Forest Veterinary Centre (Epping, UK). Samples were analyzed using the LaserCyte within 1 hour of collection. Unstained blood smears were then posted to Langford Veterinary Diagnostics, University of Bristol, and stained with modified Wright's stain. One hundred-cell manual differential counts were performed by 2 technicians and the mean percentage was calculated for each cell type. Data (LC-diff% vs M-diff%) were analyzed using Wilcoxon signed rank tests, Deming regression, and Bland-Altman difference plots. RESULTS: Significant differences between methods were found for neutrophil and monocyte percentages in samples from dogs and cats and for eosinophil percentage in samples from cats. Correlations (r) (canine/feline) were .55/.72 for neutrophils, .76/.69 for lymphocytes, .05/.29 for monocytes and .60/.82 for eosinophils. Agreement between LC-diff% and Mdiff% results was poor in samples from both species. Bland-Altman plots revealed outliers in samples with atypical WBCs (1 cat), leukocytosis (2 dogs, 9 cats), and leukopenia (16 dogs, 11 cats). The LaserCyte generated error flags in 28 of 86 (32.6%) samples, included 7 with leukopenia, 8 with lymphopenia, 7 with leukocytosis, 1 with anemia, and 1 with erythrocytosis. When results from these 28 samples were excluded, correlations from the remaining nonflagged results (canine/feline) were .63/.65 for neutrophils, .67/.65 for lymphocytes, .11/.33 for monocytes, and .63/.82 for eosinophils. CONCLUSION: Although use of a 100-cell (vs 200-cell) M-diff% may be a limitation of our study, good correlation between WBC differentials obtained using the LaserCyte and the manual method was achieved only for feline eosinophils.     

中药透皮剂对隐性乳房炎奶牛泌乳量、白细胞及乳腺局部免疫的影响

为开发安全、有效、稳定的新型中兽药制剂,有利于奶牛隐性乳房炎的防治,试验研究了中药透皮剂对隐性乳房炎奶牛泌乳量、白细胞、白蛋白（ALB）、丙氨酸氨基转移酶（ALT）、乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）的影响。方法：记录用药前后5d日泌乳量,分别采用试剂盒和CA-500血液分析仪测定用药前后乳汁中ALB、ALT、LDH和血液中白细胞。结果：患隐性乳房炎奶牛泌乳量显著降低（P〈0．05）,血液中WBC、MON、GRA、LYM％显著高于健康牛（P〈0．05）,而乳汁中的ALB、ALT和LDH含量极显著高于健康奶牛（P〈0．01）。通过5d中药透皮剂治疗后,奶牛产奶量大幅度增加,WBC、MON、GRA、LYM％、ALB、ALT和LDH与健康牛比差异不显著（P〉0．05）。结论：中药透皮剂对奶牛隐性乳房炎具有良好的治疗效果。     

C-reactive protein as an indicator of inflammatory responses to experimentally induced cystitis in dogs

The aim of this study was to demonstrate and assess C-reactive protein (CRP) changes in dogs with induced bacterial cystitis with or without antibiotics. We also evaluated availability of CRP levels to serve as an indicator for monitoring or diagnosing bacterial cystitis. Serial CRP concentrations in dogs with induced bacterial cystitis were higher than those of controls (p < 0.001). CRP concentrations peaked on day 7 and gradually decreased thereafter. In the treatment group, CRP concentrations decreased after medication compared to the untreated group (p = 0.032). CRP levels had a linear correlation with urine white blood cell counts among all groups (r = 0.837, p < 0.001, n = 140). Compared to the negative urine culture group, dogs with positive urine culture results had higher CRP concentrations (median 43.8 mg/L vs. 5.9 mg/L; p < 0.001). Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.955; when cut-off value was 12.2 mg/L, CRP measurements were found to have a sensitivity of 92.3% and specificity of 86.4%. This result indicates that rapid increases of CRP occurred after inducing bacterial cystitis and CRP may be a useful indicator for monitoring or diagnosing canine bacterial cystitis together with sediment urinalysis and urine bacterial culture.     

废旧电池液对鲫鱼血液和免疫的影响

将相同情况下相等数量的鲫鱼随机放养于4个不同浓度的废旧电池液中暴露25d后,通过观察其摆尾频数反映新陈代谢快慢.并从各试验组中随机抽取血液样本,观察染毒后鲫鱼红细胞、白细胞数目的变化,血红蛋白含量变化,以及脾脏体指数等病理学和毒理学变化.通过试验结果判断废旧电池液对鲫鱼的危害程度.     

Interpretation of canine and feline blood smears by emergency room personnel

Background: Interpretation of blood smears is commonly used to provide rapid laboratory evaluation of animals in veterinary emergency practice, but the accuracy of results of blood smear interpretation by emergency room personnel (ERP) compared with evaluation by trained veterinary clinical pathology personnel is unknown. Objective: The goal of this study was to compare blood smear evaluation by ERP with that of clinical pathology personnel. Methods: All animals that had a CBC determined by a diagnostic laboratory and had blood smears evaluated by personnel at the Foster Hospital for Small Animals Emergency Room between September 2008 and July 2009 were eligible for study inclusion. ERP who evaluated blood smears completed standardized forms with estimates of the WBC and platelet counts and evaluation of RBC and WBC morphology. Results from point‐of‐care assessment were compared with automated or manual results reported by the veterinary diagnostic laboratory. Results: One hundred and fifty‐five blood smears were evaluated. There was moderate agreement (κ value, 0.63; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.52, 0.74) between estimated platelet counts by ERP and automated counts. Poor agreement was found between estimated WBC counts by ERP and automated counts (κ value, 0.48; 95% CI: 0.37, 0.60). Specific abnormalities with a high likelihood of clinical significance, eg, toxic change, nucleated RBCs, spherocytes, hemoparasites, and lymphoblasts, were not predictably identified by ERP. Conclusions: ERP interpretation of canine and feline blood smears should be used cautiously and should not replace evaluation by a veterinary diagnostic laboratory.     

卡拉胶与黄原胶对牛肉品质的影响研究

水溶性微生物多糖对肉制品的品质有重要影响,是肉类研究的一个重要课题。试验研究了卡拉胶与黄原胶对牛肉色泽、保水性、嫩度及pH值等品质指标的影响。结果表明,添加黄原胶能改善牛肉的质地,经过黄原胶溶液浸泡后的牛肉肉质变嫩,pH值增加;对于牛肉的保水性、蒸煮损失与嫩度而言,添加的黄原胶要优于卡拉胶;但黄原胶与卡拉胶均对牛肉的色泽产生了负面影响。     

BMY牛血细胞研究

[目的]通过对不同生长阶段健康BMY牛主要血液生理指标的测定,掌握BMY牛血细胞变化规律,为今后检测BMY牛的健康状况和科学饲养BMY牛提供科学依据。[方法]采用自动仪器分析法。[结果]WBC以4～6月龄断乳犊牛组最高,以4岁成年牛组最低,各组间差异显著,RBC以1～1.5岁青年牛组最高,各组间的差异不显著,PLT随年龄增加而升高,以4岁牛组最高。[结论]BMY牛血细胞变化规律与水牛、牦牛相似。