Characteristic of Inflammatory Airway Disease in Japanese Thoroughbred Racehorses

Inflammatory airway disease (IAD) is a common cause of poor performance, interruption of training and premature retirement in racehorses. It is also reported that up to 80% of horses are affected at some point in the first years of training in UK and Australia. However, no studies with regard to the information on occurrence of IAD in Japanese Thoroughbred racehorses have been reported. To investigate the occurrence and the characteristics of IAD, epidemic research including endoscopic examination of the airway tract and trachea wash was conducted for Thoroughbred racehorses presenting coughs or poor performance which airway tract disease was suspected stalled in training facility managed by Japan Racing Association. Fifty-six out of 76 Thoroughbred racehorses (73.7%) presenting coughing or poor performance were diagnosed as IAD. Mean incidence rate of IAD was 0.3% and it has been confirmed that constant number of IAD exists in Japan. Up to 35.7% of IAD horses showed upper airway abnormalities in some extent. There was a trend for IAD horses to use wood shavings for bedding and fed hay from the ground compared with the control group. Therefore, improvement of stabling environment may aid in preventing IAD. This study demonstrated that Japanese Thoroughbred racehorses are affected by IAD likewise other countries as well as demonstrated the characteristics of IAD which may contribute to the clarification of the pathogenesis of IAD.     

超高效液相色谱测定猪配合饲料中苯乙醇胺A的研究

研究建立了超高效液相色谱(ultra performance liquid chromatography,UPLC)—二极管阵列检测器(PDA)测定配合饲料中苯乙醇胺A的方法。通过应用0.1%甲酸甲醇溶液提取、混合阳离子固相萃取净化及样品基质校正外标定量方法进行测量。在优化条件下,苯乙醇胺A在0.1~20.0 mg/kg浓度范围内线性关系良好,线性相关系数(R²)达到0.9945;在1.0、5.0、10.0 mg/kg等不同添加浓度下,方法回收率高于90.36%,变异系数低于5.98%;方法检测限为0.06 mg/kg,定量限为0.10 mg/kg。结果表明,该方法灵敏度高、精密度好、准确可靠且操作简单,能够满足配合饲料中苯乙醇胺A的测定需要。     

日粮蛋白质水平对育雏期绿头野鸭生长性能的影响

本研究选用刚出壳的绿头野鸭90只,随机分成3组,每组30只,分别饲喂能量相同,蛋白质水平分别为17.00%、19.00%、21.00%的饲粮,通过饲养和代谢试验研究不同蛋白质水平日粮对育雏期(0～4周龄)绿头野鸭生长性能的影响。结果表明,随着饲粮蛋白质水平的提高,蛋白质的代谢率逐渐下降,各组间差异不显著(P>0.05)。从饲料报酬的角度看,19.00%的蛋白质水平完全可以满足绿头野鸭育雏期(0～4周龄)的生长需要。     

草原生态保护红线划定的基本思路与政策建议

草原保护事关我国生态及经济协调、可持续发展大局。划定草原生态保护红线是构筑我国生态安全屏障的基础,是加强我国民族团结和边疆稳定的前提,是确保我国畜牧业产业安全的保证,是实现牧区可持续发展的重要保障。草原生态保护红线与耕地保护红线一样,具有不可撼动的国家战略意义和重大历史意义。本文在分析我国草原保护现状及存在问题的基础上,提出了草原生态保护红线的内涵和意义,阐述了划定生态红线的基本思路,给出了实现草原可持续发展、划定草原生态保护红线的具体政策建议。     

Empirical algebraic modelling of live weight of Irish dairy cows over lactation

The aim of this study is to derive an equation that has the ability to model live weight of Irish dairy cows over lactation. The data set consisted of 6899 cows from 63 herds, of which 428 were from experimental herds and 6471 cows were from commercial herds. An initial examination focussed on time series techniques, as the data are of a time series nature. Splines were also examined to determine the dimensions of a model required to represent the data. As an incomplete gamma function, which was previously used to model milk yield, has been used in other studies to model live weight, various milk yield models were investigated. Finally, live weight changes between two calvings were modelled as a function of age, days in milk and pregnancy. As multicollinearity was evident in this function, the variance inflation factor was examined and principal component analysis was carried out on the variables responsible for multicollinearity. The proposed live weight model has a better fit than previous models, weak multicollinearity and the residuals are homoskedastic, independent and normally distributed. This live weight model therefore provides an acceptable level of accuracy in representing the shape of the live weight curve for Irish dairy cows and can be easily modified for different environmental scenarios.     

完善我国地方税制度的思考及建议

我国新一轮的税制改革即将开始,这将是继1994年分税制改革以来,我国又一次大的税收制度的调整,其目标是使我国的分税制体制更加完善,更加与市场经济相适应.税制改革中地方税制度的改革是十分关键的一部分,文中分析了当前我国地方税制度中存在的问题,并提出了一些构思性的设想.     

青皮种子主要储藏条件的研究Ⅰ.种子含水量与测控

水分是影响青皮(Vatica astrotricha Hance)种子活力最关键的内在因素,其中种胚含水量是决定因素。用含水量27—29％椰糠控制种胚含水量在50—52％,也就是控制种子含水量在30—36％,维持种子一定的呼吸强度(32℃下测定为50—60 O_2μl/g·h),种子活力保持最高,能延长寿命。找出了储藏中种子安全含水量的最佳点,此点处于安全含水量下限的内缘,可利用种子本身果翅与种子或大小种子之间含水量的内在关系来测定。这种测定方法准确、快速又简便。可考虑作为确定“顽拗型”种子安全含水量下限的新捷径。     

棉花群体叶面积载荷量与产量关系及对源的调节效应研究

通过对棉花单位叶面积负载的生殖器官量的研究结果表明：较高的叶面积载荷量［以单位叶面积负载的果节数（个／ｍ２叶）、结铃数（个／ｍ２叶）及生殖器官干重（ｋｇ／ｍ２叶））能够促进棉花群体叶片光合强度提高和养分向棉铃输送增多，因而群体成铃数增多，产量提高。同时由剪叶、疏蕾试验揭示了，当群体叶面积系数控制在适宜范围内，可通过提高叶面积载荷量使产量进一步上升，群体叶面积系数过大时，通过减少叶面积，提高叶面积载铃量可以使产量增加。而当叶面积过小时，虽叶面积载荷量增大，但终因光合面积太小，产量下降，因此叶面积载荷量可作为反映棉花群体源库是否协调及改进栽培技术的依据。     

长江源区土地沙漠化防治对策与措施

长江源区的土地沙漠化是最严重的生态环境问题。沙漠化土地主要分布于曲麻莱和治多两县境内的通天河阶地及楚玛尔河滩地 ,在玉树、称多县和塘古拉山乡也有分布。在青藏公路的五道粱至二道沟以东的河滩地区 ,有大片流动沙丘分布。在沱沱河口以东有连片的流动沙丘分布 ,其余地区为不连片的零星流动沙丘和沙漠化土地分布 ,长江源区共有沙漠化土地面积 1 9475 .32k 。土地沙漠化的迅速扩展 ,不仅影响本区生态环境 ,同时直接影响着整个流域的社会经济持续发展。根据本区高海拔寒冷的严酷自然条件 ,依科技为先导 ,建立科技示范工程 ,以保护生态环境为主 ,恢复植被与防治沙漠化土地相结合 ,即采取封育保护或建立生态保护区 ,在条件适宜的地区结合补播、治沙造林 ,运用生物和工程相结合的综合防治土地沙漠化的技术措施 ,建立新的生态系统 ,改善生态环境 ,恢复和重建长江源区的生态环境