Veterinarian injuries associated with bovine TB testing livestock in Michigan, 2001

Testing all the cattle in an entire state with a uniform procedure for each animal affords an opportunity to relate human injury data to a known number of animals handled while carrying out a standardized procedure. Our objective was to describe the type and incidence density of injuries associated with TB-testing a large number of cattle herds, and to delineate the various factors associated with the risk of injury. A survey was mailed to all veterinarians (N = 259) who had completed at least five official bovine TB (bTB) herd tests in Michigan in 2001. We collected data regarding basic demographics and health status, work experience, veterinary specialty, and practice information. Each veterinarian was also requested to complete a separate injury questionnaire for each injury received while TB testing livestock in 2001. Accurate addresses were found for 247 eligible veterinarians, 175 (71%) of whom returned the survey. Thirty-six veterinarians reported a total of 53 injuries (10 major, 12 minor and 31 self-treated). Hands (29%) and legs (21%) were the anatomic locations most frequently injured, with sprains/strains (30%) and abrasion/contusion (30%) the most common types of injuries sustained. The overall incidence density of injuries was 1.9 per 10,000 animals tested. Female gender (RR = 3.3), being employed by the government (RR = 4.5), and smoking (RR = 6.0) were significantly associated with a higher rate of injury. Significant colliniearities were found between some risk factors associated with an increased rate of injury and participants thought 81% of their injuries could have been prevented. These results are explained by the administrative structure of the bTB testing program in Michigan, and the changing demographics of the veterinary workforce.     

Fear-related behaviour of dogs in veterinary practice

To investigate further the occurrence of fear-related behaviour in dogs in veterinary practice and to evaluate associated factors, 135 dogs were observed under practice conditions within the framework of a standardised test examination and the owners interviewed using a questionnaire. Most dogs exhibited fear reactions, particularly on the examination table, with 78.5% (106/135) categorised as ‘fearful’ based on their behaviour. Unlike weight and castration, age, gender and previous experience were significantly (P < 0.05) associated with fearful behaviour. Male dogs were significantly less ‘fearful’ than females and animals under <2 years were significantly less ‘fearful’ compared with older dogs. Those with only positive previous experiences in veterinary surgeries were significantly less ‘fearful’ than dogs that had a previous negative experience. Fear-related behaviour in veterinary practice is an issue of importance.     

Management of feral domestic cats in the urban environment of Rome (Italy)

In Italy, which is rabies-free, the national Law No. 281 [Legge Nazionale 14 agosto 1991. No. 281: Legge Quadro in materia di animali di affezione e prevenzione del randagismo. Gazz. Uff. Rep. Ital. no 203 del 30 agosto 1991: p. 3] on the management of pets and on the control of feral cats has introduced the no-kill policy for this species. Thus, “trap-neuter-release” (TNR) programs have been carried out for >10 years. In this paper we present data on registered colonies and censused cats in Rome from 1991 to 2000; the results of the neutering campaign from 1991 to 2000; and a survey, on 103 cat colonies, on the effects of demographic control of urban feral-cat colonies in the city of Rome, carried out by the local Veterinary Public Services (VPS) in collaboration with the associations of cat care-takers. In 10 years almost 8000 were neutered and reintroduced in their original colony. The spay/neuter campaigns brought about a general decrease in cat number but the percentage of cat immigration (due to abandonment and spontaneous arrival) is around 21%. This suggests that all these efforts without an effective education of people to control the reproduction of house cats (as a prevention for abandonment) are a waste of money, time and energy.     

透皮贴剂在兽药制剂领域的研究进展(英文)

随着药剂学与其他学科理论和先进技术的发展,许多新型给药系统在兽医临床的应用有逐步增加的趋势。在众多给药系统中,透皮贴剂通过皮肤敷贴给药后在体内长时间保持稳定有效的血药浓度和治疗作用,为一些慢性疾病和局部镇痛的治疗及预防提供了一种使用简单方便和安全有效的给药方式。国内外已积极开发兽药透皮制剂,并在试验应用中取得了满意效果。文章结合目前国内外兽药透皮贴剂的研究,系统阐述了透皮贴剂的发展现状与特点、影响透皮的因素及该剂型在兽药临床中的使用评价。     

兽医生物制品学课程的教学改革思路与实践探索

基于兽医生物制品学课程特点,结合当前我国畜禽传染病防控发展态势及相关领域人才培养特点,在教材选择、教学内容建设与优化、教学效果评估等方面进行了教学改革探讨。     

国内外兽药管理比较研究

兽药在防治动物疫病、提高养殖效益、保障公共卫生安全中发挥着重要作用。然而,随着公众对公共卫生安全、食品安全要求的逐步提高,我国兽药管理领域面临残留监控、产业监管、耐药性管控等多重挑战。本文简要发达国家兽药监管模式及法律基础,并结合我国兽药管理实际进行了比较研究,提出了进一步完善兽药管理体制的意见建议。     

《兽医微生物学》教学实习改革探索

如何提高兽医微生物学教学实习效果,教师仅具有丰富的知识和责任心是不够的,必须讲究教学方法。我们提出以学生自行设计实验为主,教师指导为辅的教学实习改革方法。具体方案包括确定课题、设计实验方案、实验的实施、实习总结、撰写小论文等过程。通过几届兽医专业本科生的实践,对于提高学生的操作技能及分析解决问题的能力、调动学生学习的积极性、主动性都得到很大提高,全面提高了兽医微生物学实习教学效果。     

美国兽医生物制品现状和发展趋势

就近年来美国兽用生物制品的发展现状进行了综述,并在此基础上对未来的发展趋势进行展望。