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431.
Inoculation of plasmid DNA, encoding an immunogenic protein gene of an infectious agent, stands out as a novel approach for
developing new generation vaccines for prevention of infectious diseases of animals. The potential of DNA vaccines to act
in presence of maternal antibodies, its stability and cost effectiveness and the non-requirement of cold chain have heightened
the prospects. Even though great strides have been made in nucleic acid vaccination, still there are many areas that need
further research for its wholesome practical implementation. Major areas of concern are vaccine delivery, designing of suitable
vectors and cytotoxic T cell responses. Also, the induction of immune responses by DNA vaccines is inconclusive due to the
lack of knowledge regarding the concentration of the protein expressed in vivo. Alternative delivery systems having higher transfection efficiency and the use of cytokines, as immunomodulators, needs
to be further explored. Recently, efforts are being made to modulate and prolong the active life of dendritic cells, in order
to make antigen presentation a more efficacious one. For combating diseases like acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS),
influenza, malaria and tuberculosis in humans; and foot and mouth disease, Aujesky’s disease, swine fever, rabies, canine
distemper and brucellosis in animals, DNA vaccine clinical trials are underway. This review highlights the salient features
of DNA vaccines, and measures to enhance their efficacy so as to devise an effective and novel vaccination strategy against
animal diseases. 相似文献
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A 4-year-old, intact male guinea pig was presented for evaluation of ocular pain and forelimb lameness. Initial examination confirmed that the ocular pain was associated with bilateral anterior uveitis and that the lameness was attributed to a bilateral carpal and metacarpal polyarthropathy. Carpal joint taps revealed nonseptic marked mixed inflammation later confirmed as a nonerosive immune-mediated polyarthropathy. Treatment with topical steroid ophthalmic ointment resulted in rapid resolution of the uveitis; the arthropathy was initially managed with pain medication and anti-inflammatories, then later with doxycycline and cyclosporine. Over the course of 7 days, the joint swelling and pain improved slightly, but the patient developed severe exophthalmos of the right eye. An ocular ultrasound examination revealed a space occupying mass in the retrobulbar space and results of a fine needle aspirate of the mass was diagnosed as lymphoma. Treatment with prednisone was set to be initiated after a 3-day wash-out period of meloxicam, but the patient was euthanized before the initiation of chemotherapy. Necropsy results confirmed the lymphoma had infiltrated the right eye, kidneys, adrenal glands, thyroid glands, lungs, liver, spleen, testicular interstitium, urinary bladder, pancreas, mesentery, lymph nodes, and meninges. This is an unusual presentation of apparent paraneoplastic uveitis and immune-mediated polyarthropathy in a guinea pig. 相似文献
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435.
Jung-Ho Youn Yong Ho Park Bernard Hang’ombe Chihiro Sugimoto 《Comparative immunology, microbiology and infectious diseases》2014
The Republic of Zambia consists of only one veterinary teaching school at the University of Zambia (UNZA) where students and veterinarians are exposed to many bacterial pathogens including Staphylococcus aureus (SA) and Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (SP). The aim of this study was the characterization and antimicrobial susceptibility profile of eleven SA and 48 SP isolates from the veterinary hospitals’ in- and outpatients and the environment. No isolate was resistant to cefoxitin by disk diffusion test and the corresponding resistance gene mecA was not found. In contrast, the resistance rates of SA to penicillin (63.6%) and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (36.4%) and SP to penicillin (52.1%) and tetracycline (25.0%) were the highest. A variety of sequence types (STs) without a predominant type including numerous novel types were determined, especially for SP (39.6%). The spa typing provided a clonal assignment for all SAs (100%) and 24 SPs (50%) with three and two novel types, respectively. This study has provided an overview of SA and SP in the veterinary teaching hospital at UNZA. However, for a better understanding of these species regarding pathogenesis and transmission, further studies on the prevalence and characterization of SA and SP from veterinary staff, pet owners, and farm animals in Zambia is needed. 相似文献
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E.T. Hostnik B.A. Scansen A.M. Habing G.A. Chiappone R.R. Layman R.D. White 《Journal of Veterinary Cardiology》2017,19(6):480-491
Introduction
Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) is the primary tool for the assessment of cardiac structure and function in dogs but is challenging in English bulldogs due to dorsoventral compression of the thorax, obesity, and narrow intercostal spaces. Multi-detector computed tomography angiography (CTA) may overcome the conformational obstacles of cardiac imaging in this breed.Animals
Eleven client-owned English bulldogs.Materials and Methods
Prospective clinical trial with paired analysis of TTE and CTA studies.Results
Eight of the 25 linear cardiac dimensional measurements were significantly different between TTE and CTA (p<0.033). Intraobserver agreement was strong with average coefficients of variation (CV) of 5.34% for TTE and 2.50% for CTA. Interobserver agreement CV averaged 6.5% for TTE and 8.75% CTA. Ejection fraction, stroke volume, and end-systolic volume were significantly different between modalities (all p<0.002). No significant difference was present between end-diastolic volume for TTE compared with CTA.Discussion
High-quality cardiac angiographic studies were accomplished using CTA without the use of general anesthesia in English bulldogs. Multi-detector computed tomography angiography and TTE are not interchangeable modalities in the clinical setting.Conclusion
Multi-detector-CT ECG-gated cardiac angiography is possible in sedated, non-intubated English bulldogs. Differences were found between some cardiac dimensions as measured by TTE in the awake dog and compared with sedated CTA, indicating the two methodologies are not equivalent. Sedated, non-intubated CTA yielded high-quality imaging with strong intraobserver and interobserver measurement repeatability in English bulldogs. 相似文献439.
兽药大数据对兽药监管、兽药行业健康发展以及疫病防控具有重要意义。针对现有的兽药海量数据进行大数据应用研究,提出兽药大数据平台的应用方向和应用架构,以期为兽药大数据平台的应用发展提供参考。 相似文献
440.
What's in a Name? The Incorrect Use of Case Series as a Study Design Label in Studies Involving Dogs and Cats
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