国内外兽用生物制品无菌检验方法的比较分析

为分析影响无菌检验结果的因素,探寻无菌检验方法优化的思路,对中国、欧盟国家、美国兽用生物制品无菌检验方法进行了全面比较。结果发现,《中国兽药典》中,兽用生物制品通用的无菌检验无论是从培养基种类、培养条件、培养基质量控制还是操作方法均与欧洲药典及美国《联邦法规》第九卷中方法存在差异,对这些差异进行进一步比对验证,可为我国兽用生物制品无菌检验的优化提供借鉴。     

Associations of veterinary services and farmer characteristics with the prevalences of brucellosis and border disease in small ruminants in Spain

We investigated the farm factors associated with the prevalences of brucellosis and border disease (BD) in small-ruminant herds in the Madrid region of Spain. These infections were used as models of diseases of well-known and totally unknown distribution, respectively, to assess the association between the perception of the importance of a given disease on the relative contributions of veterinary services and the farmer's attitudes to its prevention. Sera, farming-management information and data concerning veterinary assistance and farmer characteristics were collected from 60 sheep or goat herds. The overall sero-prevalence of brucellosis was 5.7% (complement fixation) and for BD was 17.9% (ELISA test). The relationship between sero-positivity and the variables in the questionnaire was assessed by multivariable analysis using random-effects logistic-normal regression. ‘Availability of veterinary services' was a major protective factor for brucellosis. In contrast, no association with veterinary services was observed for BD, whereas ‘membership in a farmers' organization' (a variable associated with good farming practice and animal care) was a protective factor. ‘Membership of a farmers' organisation' and two other farmer variables indicative of good husbandry (‘youth' and ‘schooling') were associated with a lower sero-prevalence of brucellosis in univariable analysis but they did not remain significant in the multivariable model. Our observations suggest that veterinary-activity variables predominate over non-specific protective farm factors related to good husbandry in the case the disease is subject to disease surveillance. This underscores the importance of organized control programs for veterinary services to be effective in terms of animal disease prevention.     

SCI兽医学科源期刊评价指标分析

以SCI期刊引用报告JCR最新网络版(2010年)为依据,对其收录的145种兽医学科期刊及其计量指标进行了统计分析。结果显示,145种期刊分布于35个国家,其中,英国、美国、荷兰和德国4国发行的期刊共86种,占半数以上(59.31%);以单一英语发行的期刊101种,占69.66%,兽医学期刊的年载文量、被引频次、影响因子等计量指标普遍较低,另外,介绍了年载文量、影响因子和被引频次均较高的期刊,可以为我国兽医学研究人员阅读文献、进行信息检索和向SCI来源刊投稿提供参考。     

Epidemiology of the colonization and acquisition of methicillin-resistant staphylococci and vancomycin-resistant enterococci in dogs hospitalized in a clinic veterinary hospital in Spain

Antibiotic resistance is one of the biggest threats to human and animal health. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus spp. (MRS) and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus spp. (VRE) are of increasing importance in hospital and/or nosocomial infections and represent a potential risk of transmission to humans from infected or colonized companion animals. Studies on the risk factors associated with colonization by multiresistant bacteria in animals are scarce. The present study aimed to estimate the prevalence and incidence of MRS and VRE in canine patients hospitalized in a veterinary hospital and to identify the risk factors for its acquisition and persistence.Nasal and perianal swabs were obtained from 72 dogs. Antimicrobial susceptibility assays and molecular detection of mecA and van genes were performed.A prevalence of 13.9% and incidence of 26.5% was observed in dogs colonized by MRS at hospital admission and release, respectively, higher values than those described in most veterinary studies. Thirty-five Staphylococcus isolates had mecA gene and showed higher resistance levels to most of the antimicrobials evaluated. Previous and concomitant use of antibiotics and corticosteroids has been associated with an increase in MRS colonization. The use of antibiotics in other animals living with the canine patients has also been identified as an associated factor, suggesting cross transmission. The presence of van-resistant genes from Enterococcus spp. was not detected.Pets should be considered possible vehicles of transmission and reservoirs for MRS bacteria and veterinary hospitals should be considered high-risk environments for the occurrence and spread of nosocomial infections and resistant bacteria.     

高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定水产品中大环内酯类兽药残留

本文建立了水产品中10种大环内酯类抗生素的高效液相色谱-电喷雾串联质谱检测方法。对比几种检测方法后,最终采用乙腈进行提取的方法。在5.0～200.0μg/L范围内,10种大环内酯类抗生素的线性相关系数均大于0.99。通过实际样品的添加回收试验,方法的定量下限(S/N=10)为1.0μg/kg,检出限(S/N=3)为0.2μg/kg,3个添加水平中,龙虾、鮰鱼的加标回收率分别为69.4%～115.3%和63.1%～100.9%,日内相对标准偏差(RSD)分别为0.73%～3.39%及0.8%～4.44%。结果表明,该法简单、灵敏、特异性强,适用于水产品中大环内酯类药物残留的分析确证。     

新形势下高校生产实习质量保证体系研究——以华南农业大学兽医学院为例

生产实习是兽医人才培养的关键环节,华南农业大学兽医学院通过选择和建设合理的校外实习基地,完善实习管理制度,改革实习程序,建立合理的考核方式及激励机制,重视实习反馈及评价总结等方面构建了生产实习质量保证体系,为培养实用型、创新型兽医人才奠定基础。     

Seasonal dynamics of biting midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae: Culicoides), the potential vectors of bluetongue virus, in Sweden

The outbreak of bluetongue (BT) in northern Europe 2006 initiated the monitoring of vectors, biting midges of the genus Culicoides in Sweden. In order to determine the diversity, distribution and seasonal dynamics of Culicoides, weekly collections were made during 2008 and during March-December 2009 using the Ondestepoort Veterinary Institute black light trap. Twenty sampling sites were selected in 12 provinces. In total of 30,704 Culicoides were collected in 2008 and 32,252 in 2009. The most abundant species were the potential vectors of BTV Culicoides obsoletus/C. scoticus that comprised of 77% of the total catches. Other biting midges collected were Culicoides impunctatus (9%), Culicoides grisescens (3%), Culicoides punctatus (2%), Culicoides chiopterus (2%) and Culicoides pulicaris (2%). Culicoides obsoletus/C. scoticus were most abundant during May-June and August-September. The majority of the species were active from March to November in 2008 and April to October in 2009. Species considered as potential vectors of bluetongue virus (BTV) occurred as far north as latitude 65°N (Kalix).