《兽医药理学》实验教学改革初探

《兽医药理学》实验教学是《兽医药理学》教学过程中的重要组成部分,其教学效果直接影响该专业整体教学质量的高低。总结了《兽医药理学》实验教学改革过程中的几点经验。     

Frequency of equine laminitis: a systematic review with quality appraisal of published evidence

Equine laminitis is a highly debilitating disease of the foot. Despite its perceived importance, epidemiological characteristics are poorly understood and the true frequency of the disease remains unclear. The objective of this study was to retrospectively assess previous research to identify publications which provide the best evidence of the frequency of naturally-occurring equine laminitis. A systematic review of English language publications was conducted using MEDLINE (1950–2010), CAB Direct (1910–2010) and IVIS (1997–2010). Additional publications were included by searching bibliographies. Search terms included laminitis, equine, frequency, prevalence and incidence. Studies that allowed frequency estimations to be made for naturally-occurring equine laminitis were included. Information was extracted using predefined data fields, including 13 study quality indicators.Sixty-nine publications were appraised. Ten were considered to provide the most reliable information, estimating the frequency of equine laminitis ranging from 1.5% to 34%. Previous publications estimating laminitis frequency were generally poor quality. Laminitis frequency varied across publications however the publications included in this review focussed on many of the different underlying laminitis aetiologies and comparison of the frequencies between groups would be inappropriate. High-quality evidence-based studies are needed to estimate the true disease frequency in different equine populations.     

《兽医微生物学》课程建设的研究

对《兽医微生物学》教学方法和手段的改革情况、辐射作用、建设特色、取得的成绩和基本经验、存在的问题、原因分析,以及进一步推进在建校级教改项目建设的有关建议等进行了阐述。     

兽医微生物学实验教学改革

为提高兽医微生物学实验教学质量,增强学生对实验操作技能的实践应用能力和创新能力,对传统实验课程教学进行探索性改革.通过加强实验室安全管理,改善实验室条件,优化课程体系,并将实验教学与科研创新有机结合,同时改革效果评价模式等,有效提高了兽医微生物实验教学质量,提高了学生学习积极性和自主性,提升了学生的综合实验素养.     

Isolation of Pasteurella haemolytica and correlation with serum antibody response in clinically normal beef calves

Bacteria from the nasal cavity and trachea were cultured, and serum antibody titers determined for Pasteurella haemolytica serotype 1 in 164 beef calves obtained from a closed herd on range pasture. At the first sampling, P. haemolytica serotype 1 was cultured from 16.4% of the calves. Antibody titers were determined by a quantitative fluorimetric method and the mean titer was 9.5 +/- 5.8. Fifty-seven randomly selected calves were used to study the correlation of serum antibody response and positive culture of P. haemolytica under natural conditions. Clinical signs of respiratory disease were not observed in those calves. During the observation periods, there was a two-fold increase in the percentage of calves that were culture positive. There was no significant difference between mean serum antibody titers or frequency distribution of antibody titers from the two samplings. Comparisons between serum antibody titers, rise in titers, and P. haemolytica isolation failed to reveal any significant correlation. Of the 9 calves that had a decline in antibody titer to P. haemolytica, none was culture positive. Seroconversion to respiratory viruses did not correlate with P. haemolytica related variables.     

Quality of computerized medical record abstract data at a veterinary teaching hospital

This study was designed to evaluate the quality of data from computerized medical record abstracts at the Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Ontario Veterinary College. Information in the paper medical record (registration, physical exam, daily progress, laboratory, radiology, anaesthesia and surgery forms), the summary sheet, and the computerized record were compared. A random sample of 100 patient visits from a subset of visits that were identified as all possible dog or cat elective-surgery visits in the computerized records from 1983 through 1991 were used. Clinicians were responsible for summarizing the medical record on the summary sheet and health record technicians entered the information from the summary sheet into the computer record. Most of the discrepancies (n = 33) noted for diagnoses, procedures or complications were due to the lack of transfer of information from the paper forms to the summary sheet. Although the medical record technicians detected and entered some of these (n = 10), most were not entered into the computerized records. The next most-common discrepancies (n = 5) were due to the clinician writing a different entry on the summary sheet than was present on the other paper record forms. Only one record had a miscoded diagnosis and three had miscoded procedures. Misfiled forms in the medical record folders of two patients resulted in one incorrect diagnosis and one incorrect procedure recorded in the computer record. When any discrepancy between the paper and computer record for diagnoses, procedures or complications was considered, 41% of the visits had discrepancies (46% dogs; 36% cats). The percentage varied by surgery status: non-elective surgeries 82%, elective surgeries 37% and non-surgical visits 29%. There was no obvious time trend. The completeness and accuracy of information in the database was inadequate for the intended research on post-operative complications following elective surgeries.     

Development, advances and applications of diagnostic ultrasound in animals

Ultrasound has many industrial applications but it was first introduced as a medical diagnostic aid in the 1940s with its first veterinary application, the detection of ovine pregnancy, being reported in 1966. Since then, improvements in equipment quality combined with an increased awareness of the benefits of ultrasound as an imaging technique have led to its widespread use in the veterinary field. Recent advances in computer technology have significantly influenced equipment design and the miniaturization of transducers allows intra-operative and intra-vascular applications. Software advances have improved the ability to manipulate and process data, leading to an increased amount of information being obtained from each examination and the advent of 'remote diagnosis'. Ultrasound guided interventional techniques can now be used for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes. Many of these developments have been introduced by equipment manufacturers but have found specific applications in the veterinary field. Ultrasound is currently employed in a very diverse range of situations, not just as a diagnostic tool in the routine clinical workup of a range of species, but also for disease screening, conservation projects, commercial services, herd management and clinical research.     

宋元明清时期的畜牧业技术及其在吉林的借鉴

宋元明清时期是国家从分裂割据、若干民族政权并立,到各民族融合进一步加强,逐步走向中华民族的统一时期。其边疆与中原通过贸易的方式相互融合,促进了经济的发展乃至科学技术的进步,畜牧技术、兽医技术和渔业技术都有很大提高。羊、马、牛、猪、鸡、鸭、鹅都有许多优良品种涌现,并有许多史书记载了家畜禽的饲养管理方式、渔业捕捞与贩运的方式与规模。这些珍贵的农业资源遗产,对于今天畜牧业的发展具有启示意义。     

2010年版《中华人民共和国兽药典》一部凡例及其品种标准增修订概况

解读2010年版《中华人民共和国兽药典》一部收载兽药标准的增修订内容和特点,详细描述了兽药典一部收载凡例和兽用化学药品、抗生素等兽药标准的增修订情况。对于读者理解、领会和执行2010年版《中华人民共和国兽药典》一部标准,将起到较好的帮助作用。     

王丽娜，郝利忠，韩春晓，苗翠

畜产品中药物残留主要包括β-受体激动剂类、抗生素类、性激素类等药物。ELISA检测技术因其灵敏度高、特异性强、仪器设备简单、成本低、方法快速、简便等优点,成为畜产品中药物残留目前最理想的检测技术之一。为了考察试剂盒的各项指标与标示指标是否一致和能否正确使用试剂盒,本文就ELISA检测技术在畜产品中兽药残留检测试剂盒的选择原则和使用注意事项进行了归纳总结。