Clients’ perceptions of delivery of veterinary services in peri-urban Ghana

A study was designed aimed at comparing the assessment of performance of animal health care delivery systems in peri-urban Ghana by livestock and poultry keepers in 4 locations. 889 respondents were interviewed using a questionnaire. A higher proportion of respondents in Location 1 met their needs for animal health by themselves, while in Location 3 these needs were met mainly by veterinarians. The mean distances to veterinary clinics, veterinary technicians or to purchase medicine were significantly higher in Location 1. Higher proportions in 3 locations perceived effectiveness of service delivery to be good. However, equity was poor in all 4 locations. Higher proportions in Locations 2, 3 and 4 said services were unaffordable. Client needs were perceived to have been met by higher proportions in Locations 3 and 4 but not in Locations 1 and 2. Staff attitude and technical competence were good in all 4 locations. The study concluded that the differences reported in the quality of service indicators in the 4 locations were not critical enough to recommend location-specific delivery systems.     

中职学校提高中兽医教学效果的方法与对策

中兽医学理论比较抽象、内容繁杂，学生不易理解，教学中容易出现理论与实践脱节，因此，改进教学方法势在必行。笔者对中兽医学课程的教学内容结构调整、课堂教学、实践教学等几个方面进行探索和实践，通过把理论教学和实践教学有机地结合起来，调动课堂上学生们的主观能动性，以提高学生分析和解决问题的能力，有利于全面提高中职学校中兽医学课程的教学质量。     

电针疗法对AKI犬的肾功能、钙磷代谢、抗氧化能力以及NRF2信号通路的影响

急性肾损伤(acute kidney injury, AKI)目前已成为犬最主要的一种肾系疾病,尤其在老年犬中发病率逐年上升。近年来,针刺疗法在宠物临床已得到广泛的应用,并逐渐从治疗瘫痪等外科疾病向治疗宠物内科疾病的方向发展。本研究以腺嘌呤为造模药物建立急性肾损伤犬模型,采用电针疗法进行治疗。研究电针疗法对于犬的肾功能、钙磷代谢、抗氧化能力以及对于NRF2通路相关蛋白的影响,探究电针疗法对犬的急性肾损伤的治疗作用。选取24只3～4 kg健康比格犬,随机分为对照组、造模组、常规治疗组、电针干预组、电针治疗组和联合治疗组。第1～15天为造模期,第16～30天为治疗期。试验结束后检测尿比重、血清中尿素氮(BUN)、肌酐(CREA)、尿酸(UA)、钙(Ca²⁺)和磷(P³⁺)的变化;影像诊断X光检测肾变化情况;检测血清及肾组织的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和丙二醛(MDA);病理组织学观察各组试验犬肾组织病变的严重程度;采用qRT-PCR和Western blot方法检测各组试验犬肾组织中与抗氧化相关基因和蛋白的表达情况;用免疫组织化学的方法检测肾组织中...     

口服肠溶制剂在兽药领域中的应用前景

介绍了肠溶制剂的制剂特点、肠溶制剂包衣原理、肠溶包衣材料和肠溶制剂类型等内容。结合规模化养殖场对药物饮水给药的需求,从兽用肠溶制剂的药物开发特点及近几年的国内外研究情况等两方面做以阐述,以期为兽用肠溶微丸、肠溶微囊制剂研发提供新的思路。     

Third-degree atrioventricular block in 21 cats (1997-2004)

The effect of 3rd-degree atrioventricular block on long-term outcome in cats is unknown. Clinical findings and long-term outcome of 21 cats with 3rd-degree atrioventricular block were studied retrospectively. Median age of cats studied was 14 years (range 7-19 years). Presenting signs included respiratory distress or collapse, but 6 cats had no clinical signs of disease. Eight cats had congestive heart failure (CHF) at the time that 3rd-degree atrioventricular block was detected. Heart rates ranged from 80 to 140 beats per minute (bpm; median 120 bpm) with no difference in heart rate between cats with and those without CHF. Eleven of 18 cats that had echocardiograms had structural cardiac disease, and 6 cats had cardiac changes consistent with concurrent systemic disease. No atrioventricular nodal lesions were detected by echocardiography. One cat had atrioventricular nodal lesions detected on histologic examination. Median survival of 14 cats that died or were euthanized was 386 days (range 1-2,013 days). Survival did not differ between cats with or without CHF or between cats with or without structural cardiac disease. Thirteen cats with 3rd-degree atrioventricular block survived > 1 year after diagnosis, regardless of presenting signs or underlying cardiac disease. Third-degree heart block in cats is often not immediately life threatening. Survival was not affected by the presence of underlying heart disease or congestive heart failure at the time of presentation. Even cats with collapse might survive > 1 year without pacemaker implantation.     

Molecular tools--advances, opportunities and prospects

Modern molecular technologies are having a substantial impact in many fundamental and applied areas of parasitology. In particular, polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-coupled approaches have found broad applicability because their sensitivity permits the enzymatic amplification of gene fragments from minute quantities of nucleic acids from tiny amounts of parasite material. Also, high-resolution electrophoretic and genomic methods are finding increased utility. This paper briefly discusses some developments and applications of DNA methods to parasites and highlights their usefulness or potential for those of veterinary importance. Selected examples of applications with implications in fundamental (systematics, population genetics, epidemiology and ecology) and applied (diagnosis, prevention and control) areas are presented. The focus is mainly on tools for the accurate identification of parasitic nematodes and protozoa of socio-economic importance, the diagnosis of infections and the detection of genetic variability using PCR-coupled mutation scanning technology.     

兽药GMP检查验收中的常见问题分析

兽药GMP认证工作主要是对相关人员、硬件与软件三大要素和验证、规程与记录三项重点工作进行考核与检查。其中,硬件是根本,软件是重点,人员是关键。记录是实施GMP认证的基础性工作,必须真实、详细;规程是兽药生产的规范性文件和行动指南,必须规范、合理,可操作性强;而验证则是GMP检查验收工作的精髓和重中之重,各项规程及标准等都必须通过验证。     

美国联邦法规与中国兽药典细菌类活疫苗纯粹检验方法的比较分析

对美国联邦法规（CFR9）及《中国兽药典（二OO五年版三部）》中细菌类活疫苗纯粹检验方法的异同进行了比较分析,并对我国细菌类活疫苗纯粹检验方法提出了修改建议。