“一喷三防”对豫南稻区紫云英病虫害防治及种子产量的影响

为探求豫南稻区紫云英留种田块中后期田间管理最佳喷药时间,设置三个喷药时期(现蕾期、初花期、盛花期)进行紫云英“一喷三防”作业,研究不同喷药时期对紫云英田间病虫害的防治效果和紫云英种子产量及构成因素的影响。结果表明,在紫云英生长中后期的任何时间进行“一喷三防”作业均能显著降低紫云英病虫害发病率和提高防效。初花期(T2)进行“一喷三防”作业,可以显著提高紫玉英单位面积荚数和每荚粒数及千粒重,进而显著提高紫云英种子产量,在豫南稻区紫云英种子生产实践中值得推广应用。     

Foraging behaviour,digestion and growth performance of sheep grazing on dried vetch pasture cropped under conservation agriculture

This study aimed to investigate the replacement value of half time grazing of wheat stubbles by vetch, which had been cropped under the context of conservation agriculture (CA). Three grazing treatments were evaluated on Barbarine lambs (initial BW 18 ± 1.42 kg). Treatment 1 consists of 6-hr grazing on dried vetch only (V). For treatment 2, the sheep were grazing 3 hr on wheat stubbles in morning and 3 hr on dried vetch in the afternoon (VWS). Treatment 3 consists of 6-hr grazing of wheat stubbles only (WS). At grain maturity stage, biomass yield of vetch averaged 7 tons DM/ha allowing a grazing period of 2 consecutive months. Along this period, vetch conserved its pods indehiscent. Biomass and nutritive value of vetch and wheat stubbles were decreasing from the start to the end of the grazing period. Residual biomass was higher in vetch and wheat stubble assigned to treatment VWS. WS lambs spent more time on walking and standing, while V and VWS lambs allocated more time on biomass uptake. The DM, OM and CP intakes were higher in animal grazing vetch alone or combined to wheat stubble. Rumen fermentation parameters (pH, ammonia nitrogen concentration and protozoa count) were not affected (p > .05) by any of the three treatments. The average daily gain of lambs on V and VWS lambs was three times greater (p < .05) than that of WS lambs (164, 152 and 49.5 g respectively). Cold carcass yield averaged 444, 428 and 388 g/ kg for lambs assigned to V, VWS and WS treatments respectively. It is concluded that grazing vetch alone or combined with WS increased substantially the growth performance and carcass yield of lambs compared with WS grazing only. Therefore, dried vetch grazing could be a solution to make possible mulching and biomass uptake by sheep under the context of CA.     

种植紫云英不还田对水稻农艺性状、产量和经济效益的影响

通过研究种植紫云英不还田配合不同化肥用量对土壤养分、水稻农艺性状、水稻产量和经济效益的影响,以探寻提升土壤肥力和经济效益的施肥方案。3年的田间试验结果表明,与不种紫云英+100%化肥(空白B1)处理相比,种植紫云英不施化肥(B2)处理降低了土壤碱解氮、有效磷和速效钾含量;种植紫云英并分别配施100%、90%、80%和70%化肥(即B3、B4、B5和B6处理)均能保证土壤碱解氮、有效磷和速效钾含量不降低,土壤有机碳在处理间差异不显著;水稻产量在处理间的大小顺序为B2B1B3B4B5B6;通过经济效益分析可知,无论是实际结果还是理论分析,本试验中种植紫云英+70%化肥(B6)处理的产量和净收入最高,经济效益最佳。综上所述,河南信阳水稻土区种植紫云英不还田并配施70%化肥,是值得推荐的施肥方案。     

光叶紫花苕对杂交肉牛生长代谢的影响研究

试验测定了用紫花苕作为精料原料喂养的杂交牛血液生化指标,并与肉牛增重与饲料利用率进行比较分析。结果表明:试验1组血清总蛋白含量和谷草转氨酶比对照组高3.95%(P0.05)和7.38%(P0.05),而谷丙转氨酶和碱性磷酸酶含量分别比对照组低34.33%(P0.01)和9.24%(P0.05),增重比对照组高9.4%(日增重1 070∶978,P0.05),饲料干物质消耗减低7.5%(饲料干物质采食量/增重5.7∶6.3,P0.05);试验2组血清总蛋白含量比对照组高18.58%(P0.05),谷丙转氨酶、谷草转氨酶和碱性磷酸酶含量最低,分别比对照组低30.04%(P0.01)、19.72%(P0.05)和28.76%(P0.01),增重比对照组高18.4%(平均日增重1 153∶978,P0.01),饲料干物质消耗降低18.9%(饲料干物质采食量/增重5.3∶6.3,P0.01)。从而认为,血清总蛋白,谷丙转氨酶和碱性磷酸酶含量与杂交肉牛的增重和饲料利用率有关。血清总蛋白含量高,谷丙转氨酶和碱性磷酸酶含量低,肉牛的增重速度快,饲料转化率高,在肉牛精料中采用30%的紫花苕草粉有提高血清总蛋白含量,降低谷丙转氨酶和碱性磷酸酶含量,提高增重和饲料利用率的作用。如果精料中加入适当的油脂,这一效果更明显。     

2种不同绿肥作物的腐解及养分释放特征研究

利用网袋法模拟研究了二月兰、毛苕子2种绿肥的腐解及养分释放特征.结果表明,2种绿肥均在翻压后14 d内腐解较快,随后腐解速率变慢,翻压80 d时,二月兰、毛苕子的累积腐解率分别为66.92％和63.12％.2种绿肥不同养分的释放快慢不同,氮和钾在翻压7d内快速释放,磷在翻压80 d内均稳步释放,养分累积释放率表现为K＞N＞P.2种绿肥比较,二月兰的磷累积腐解率显著高于毛苕子,其他养分的累积腐解率也以二月兰较高.     

西藏地区燕麦与箭筈豌豆不同混播比例对牧草产量和质量的影响

在西藏日喀则地区,将燕麦(Avena sativa L.)与箭筈豌豆(Vicia sativa L.)种子按不同比例进行混播试验,通过对混收牧草产量和品质的测定分析,研究适宜在当地生长的燕麦与箭筈豌豆的最佳混播比例,以期获得最大的生物产量和营养价值。结果表明:在燕麦播种量不变的情况下,随着箭筈豌豆混播比例的增加,粗蛋白质(CP)含量随之增加,而中性洗涤纤维(NDF)和酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)含量降低。在49种混播组合中,混播播种量为燕麦210kg·hm^-2和箭筈豌豆75kg·hm^-2(G1)混播组合的干草产量和营养成分的综合指标最高,可在西藏日喀则地区推广应用。     

紫云英肥饲兼用--猪粪尿还田对土壤肥力与水稻、生猪产量的影响

紫云英肥料兼用——猪粪尿还田，不仅能保持紫云英原有的供肥和培肥改土的功能，更重要的是，能有效地解决南方开春后青饲料短缺的矛盾，且通过食物链加环可以成倍地提高其经济效益，是一项值得推广的好技术。     

铜对紫云英根结构危害研究

研究结果表明：土壤含铜量过高，对紫云英造成危害；受铜害最明显的症状出现在根部，根部受害后，主根伸长受阻，分出短粗叉根；根结构受到破坏后，表皮层断裂，皮层、中柱细胞逐渐解体死亡。