高寒地区燕麦及其混播草地最佳刈割期的研究

通过对燕麦单播及其与箭豌豆混播群落不同物候期的产草量,粗蛋白质产量,中性洗涤纤维（ＮＤＦ）、酸性活活纤维（ＡＤＦ）含量动态研究,结果证明,燕麦单播及其与豆科牧草混播的最佳刈割期应科乳熟末期－蜡熟期和箭Ｋｕｏ豌豆结荚期,而不是抽穗期,开花期。     

光叶紫花苕的营养价值与饲用价值研究

研究测定了光叶紫花苕Vicia villosa routh var.的营养成分含量和消化能(牛、猪)、代谢能(鸡)能值,并进行了饲养试验.结果表明,紫花苕干物质中粗蛋白含量在20%以上,氨基酸、矿物质、维生素比较丰富,消化能分别为DE(牛)12.4 MJ/kg,DE(猪)11.9 MJ/kg,ME(鸡)10.7 MJ/kg;在肉牛精料中用紫花苕草粉代替全部麦麸,平均日增重增加92 g/d(P＜0.05),饲料利用率提高9.5%;在肉猪日粮中用紫花苕草粉代替20%配合饲料,平均日增重增加81 g/d(P＜0.05),饲料利用率提高13.16%;在肉鸡日粮中用紫花苕草粉代替10%～15%配合饲料,平均每只增重提高252 g/只(P＜0.05),饲料利用率提高12.8%.从而认为紫花苕草粉且有较高的饲用价值.     

河南县圈窝子一年生人工草地混播及牧草产量测定

在河南县优干宁镇的阿木乎村,实施了燕麦与箭筈豌豆圈窝子混播种植。通过混播这种方式,一方面提高了一年生人工草地的产草量,平均产鲜草为43 560.3kg/hm2,比当地燕麦单播多产鲜草17 560.2kg/hm2,提高67.54%,干草多产5 299.48 kg/hm2,提高52.79%。混播燕麦比当地单播燕麦株高高15.7cm,重量提高0.86kg,明显提高产草量和牧草品质;另一方面改善草地质量,增加牧户冷季饲草的储备。     

紫花苕绿肥不同部位的营养价值研究

采用贵州省织金县熊家场盛花期紫花苕绿肥，将紫花苕植株平均切成上、中、下3部分，分别测定了各部分的营养成分含量。从主要营养物质含量来看，紫花苕上部的 CP、EE、NFE含量最高，CF、NDF、ADF 含量最低；中部的营养成分含量接近全株，下部营养较差，从而为紫花苕绿肥的有效利用提供科学依据。     

薇菜孢子人工繁殖的环境条件

薇菜孢子适于在4～5℃低温下保存；薇菜孢子具有休眠特性,但光照可打破其休眠；孢子萌发温度为10～30℃,适宜温度为20～28℃,温度超过30℃时孢子萌发开始受抑制；原叶体可耐受2℃的低温,受精适宜温度为20～28℃；孢子体生长最适温度为25～28℃；孢子体繁殖的光照条件以2000lx为佳；A3(腐熟有机肥+草炭土+山林土)可作为薇菜孢子体繁殖技术推广的最佳基质.     

灰色关联度分析在箭筈豌豆品种综合评价中的运用

运用灰色系统理论中关联度分析的基本原理和方法对引进的豆科牧草箭筈豌豆10个品种(系)的9个性状进行综合评价,结果表明:Languedoc箭筈豌豆、山西333A箭筈豌豆关联度最高,综合性状好,适合在阿拉尔地区种植。     

箭舌豌豆与多花黑麦草混播群落氮素动态研究

在盆栽条件下，对箭舌豌豆＋多花黑麦草不同生育期地上和地下部分生物量，氮素含量，氮素积累速率及箭舌豌豆生物固氮速率，固氮量以及氮在土壤－植物根系－植物地上器官之间的转移动态进行了研究，结果表明：在混播群落中，生长发育前期阶段以箭舌豌豆占绝对优势，后期则黑麦草生长加快，植物地上部氮素积累速率为双峰型，地下根系则为单峰型。混播中箭舌豌豆的固氮速率呈单峰型。     

毛苕子不同播种量与燕麦混播对群落竞争及燕麦生物量分配的影响

为探究宁夏干旱区燕麦与毛苕子混播的最佳播种量,本试验以燕麦（Avena sativa）和毛苕子（Vicia villosa）为研究对象,采用单因素随机区组设计,设五个毛苕子播种水平[33.0 kg·hm^-2（YM₁）、45.0 kg·hm^-2（YM₂）、57.0 kg·hm^-2（YM₃）,69.0 kg·hm^-2（YM₄）和81.0 kg·hm^-2（YM₅）]与燕麦（播种量为120.0 kg·hm^-2）混播,研究了不同播种量的毛苕子与燕麦混播对草地生产性能、燕麦生物量分配及群落竞争的影响。结果表明,YM₁,YM₂,YM₃和YM₅处理的混播草地干草产量均高于燕麦单播,其中在YM₂处理下干草产量达到最高（12 424.24 kg·hm^-2）,较燕麦和毛苕子单播分别提高了15.83%,63.18%;随着毛苕子播种量的增加,燕麦各器官生物量均发生显著变化（P<0.05）,其中在YM₃处理下燕麦单株地上生物量和总生物量最大;同时在各混播处理中,燕麦在混播草地中处于竞争优势;除YM₄外各混播处理的土地当量比均大于1。综合来看,当毛苕子播种量为45.0 kg·hm^-2时与燕麦混播草地生产力提高效果显著,土地利用率最大,是宁夏干旱区滴灌条件与燕麦混播的最佳播种量。     

Nitrogen use efficiency and fertiliser fate in a long-term experiment with winter cover crops

The use of winter cover crops enhances environmental benefits and, if properly managed, may supply economic and agronomic advantages. Nitrogen retained in the cover crop biomass left over the soil reduces soil N availability, which might enhance the N fertiliser use efficiency of the subsequent cash crop and the risk of depressive yield and pre-emptive competition. The main goal of this study was to determine the cover crop effect on crop yield, N use efficiency and fertiliser recovery in a 2-year study included in a long-term (10 years) maize/cover crop production system. Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and vetch (Vicia sativa L.), as cover crops, were compared with a fallow treatment during the maize intercropping period. All treatments were cropped following the same procedure, including 130 kg N ha⁻¹ with ¹⁵N fertiliser. The N rate was reduced from the recommended N rate based on previous results, to enhance the cover crop effect. Crop yield and N uptake, soil N mineral and ¹⁵N fertiliser recovered in plants and the soil were determined at different times. The cover crops behaved differently: the barley covered the ground faster, while the vetch attained a larger coverage and N content before being killed. Maize yield and biomass were not affected by the treatments. Maize N uptake was larger after vetch than after barley, while fallow treatment provided intermediate results. This result can be ascribed to N mineralization of vetch residues, which results in an increased N use efficiency of maize. All treatments showed low soil N availability after the maize harvest; however, barley also reduced the N in the upper layers before maize planting, increasing the risk of pre-emptive competition. In addition to the year-long effect of residue decomposition, there was a cumulative effect on the soil’s capacity to supply N after 7 years of cover cropping, larger for the vetch than for the barley.     

覆盖作物根系对砂姜黑土压实的响应

轮作直根系的覆盖作物被认为是缓解土壤压实的有效手段,但不同覆盖作物对土壤压实的适应性在不同气候和土壤条件下存在较大差异.为筛选更适宜缓解砂姜黑土压实的覆盖作物品种(模式),在安徽典型砂姜黑土设置不压实(Non-compacted,NC)与压实(Compacted,C)处理,通过种植不同覆盖作物(休闲、苜蓿、油菜、萝卜+...