对农村合作经济组织“以工补农”形式的探讨

农村合作经济组织“以工补农”是农村经济发展的必然要求,是农村农业与农村工业协调发展的现实需要。对目前农村合作经济组织“以工补农”的各种形式,进行了分析,评价了它们的作用,指出了存在的问题;对如何使有限的补农资金,能发挥较大的经济效益进行了初步探讨;对“以工补农”应遵循的原则,目前较好的以工补农形式,与以工补农的资金比例,以及建立必要的以工补农资金的管理制度等,提出了建议。     

蔬菜一年三熟高效种植模式分析

绿色有机旱作农业是山西农业的传统特色。长治市属于典型的雨养农业、旱作农业区,长治市潞州区抓住绿色有机旱作农业的发展机遇,积极探索适宜该地区、具有区域特色的绿色有机旱作农业技术模式。该技术模式是通过合理的茬口安排,实行一年多茬栽培,“春白菜-甘蓝-秋白菜”是典型的一年三熟种植模式,通过对这种三收高效种植模式的种植方式、田间管理、病虫害防治等方面的分析,提出了实现高效种植的基本措施;按照绿色有机旱作标准制定种植方案,实现提质增效,通过提高复种指数,增加经济效益,为干旱地区绿色有机旱作农业发展提供技术参考。     

Square Design of Mountain Cities: A Case Study of Shiyan Broadcasting Media Center Square

City squares are an important part of urban public spaces and play an important role in improving the quality of urban landscapes. For mountain cities, city squares with mountainous characteristics formed by its special geographical environment, which have more identifiability and uniqueness than that in plain cities, have greater influence on the promotion of city image. Their unique regional cultural characteristics and local customs and practices have shaped the totally different temperament of mountain cities. Based on the dialectical relationship between the square, the landscape and the culture, this paper took Shiyan Broadcasting Media Center Square for example to explore the ideas of landscape design in mountain cities.     

Review on the roles and effects of growing media on plant performance in green roofs in world climates

Growing media (substrate) is a fundamental part of a green roof, providing water, nutrients and support to plants. However, little research has reviewed how it affects plant performances in different climatic regions. This study aims to analyse published research on green roof growing medium across world’s climate zones. Findings are structured according to Köppen–Geiger climate classification, aiming to investigate the prevalence of research conducted in different climate zones. Results from full-scale studies and laboratory or greenhouse experiments were reviewed. The later were included as they provide systematic knowledge on the effect of individual factors on system performances although cannot provide climate specific information. Studies discussed effects of major substrate components and depths on plant survival and establishment using standard test procedures. Results showed that most research in the subject were in temperate (group C climate classification), continental (group D) and dry climates (group B), respectively. Considerable number of investigations was conducted in controlled laboratory or greenhouse environments. Based on the results, future green roof research and guidelines should consider climate specifications of the region in designing growing medium, depths and attribute of green roof substrates in order to ensure enhanced plant performance. Especially, for more fragile but less investigated dry climate, considerations should be made to tackle heat fluctuations and drought stress by enhancing water holding capacity and thermal isolation of the substrate. To move forward, sustainable building solutions as a part of future urban forms, climate-adaptive green roof systems should be included into future research, practice and guidelines.     

基于加权灰色关联模型的干旱区玉米覆膜耕作方式评价

通过设置垄作全膜、垄作半膜、平作全膜以及平作半膜4个覆膜耕作处理,采用加权灰色关联模型评价不同覆膜耕作方式的优劣.结果表明:垄作全膜处理保水保温效果明显;干旱条件下,耕作措施较覆膜方式对地温的影响更为明显;而在水量充沛条件下,覆膜方式则表现出对地温更显著的影响.田间起垄耕作结合全膜覆盖的种植方式,有利于干物质的积累,促进滴灌条件下玉米产量的形成,同时提高水分利用效率,为干旱区农业节水和玉米高产提供了技术依据.     

降水特征与农作处理对坡耕地水土流失的动态研究

通过在云南红壤坡耕地上建造径流小区,研究了自然降雨情况下6种不同农作处理的水土流失特征。结果表明:横坡垄作能有效减缓强降雨对坡耕地的侵蚀,减少径流流失,但不能有效防治长降雨的持续冲刷;顺坡垄作对强降雨和长降雨的侵蚀都不能有效减少水土流失。烤烟的不同生长时期对水土流失的影响因素不同。烤烟生长前期,垄作方式是影响水土流失的主要因素;在烤烟生长进入成熟期后,各处理间的泥沙流失量差异都不显著,各处理的地表植被覆盖率都达到最大化,地表植被覆盖率成为影响水土流失的主要因素。     

西部小城镇城郊农户兼业初探——以四川省丹棱县板桥村为例

当前西部小城镇城郊农户兼业现象相当普遍,为了探明其兼营状况,基于对小城镇城郊农户的典型抽样调查,分析了其兼业现状及特点,揭示了农户兼业的原因,指出了存在的消极影响,并针对问题提出对策和建议。     

天津市沿海都市型现代农业的发展思路与对策

沿海都市型现代农业是都市农业发展的重要模式。分析了天津市发展沿海都市型现代农业具备的基础条件．结合天津市自然和经济因素特点,探讨了沿海都市型现代农业发展的基本思路。从政府支持、多部门协调、农民综合素质提升与多种发展模式有机结合等角度,提出了实施沿海都市型现代农业的发展对策,旨在为天津大都市现代农业的发展和我国现代都市农业的发展提供参考。     

山西旱作节水农业发展战略的思考

根据山西省"十年九旱"的气候特征,结合2008年冬、2009年春特大干旱对生产的严重影响,提出了山西制定旱作节水农业发展战略的必要性和特殊意义,分析了战略缺位的深层次原因,并从水资源安全、粮食安全、生态安全、产业协调发展及科技创新等几个方面提出了思考建议和对策。     

基于灰色系统理论的城镇建设用地预测模型的研究——以湖北潜江市为例

针对我国现行城镇建设用地预测中存在的问题,在预测潜江市城镇建设用地规模中引入灰色系统理论中的灰色关联度和灰色GM(1,1)预测模型,用灰色GM(1,1)模型对城镇人口进行预测,并通过关联度综合分析各因素(人口、固定资产投资)对城镇建设用地的影响,结合建设用地控制系数进行再次调整,从而提出一种集约型的预测模型。