不同保鲜剂对椰子花序汁液的保鲜效果

针对椰子花序汁液(简称椰花汁)采后品质变化显著的特点,研究了脱氢醋酸钠、二氧化硫、尼泊金丁酯和丙酸钙对椰花汁采后自然发酵过程中的保鲜效果.结果表明,0.03%的脱氢醋酸钠可强烈抑制椰花汁中产酸菌和酵母菌的活性,与其他组相比,在7 d内折光糖度、乙醇含量、总酸、挥发酸和氨基酸含量变化最小;0.01%二氧化硫可抑制总酸和挥发酸的增加,但不能抑制乙醇的升高,第4 d乙醇含量高达6.8%;0.01%尼泊金丁酯在自然发酵前3d内糖度和总酸变化不大,而3d后总酸显著上升.     

做好冬季肉牛保温控制工作的技术措施

针对冬季育肥生产保温保暖的主要技术措施,以及如何应用经济牛舍提高肉牛生产效益,推进健康养殖和做好无害化生产,进行了阐述。     

山羊胚胎冷冻及移植试验

采用国产HIT-5型生物活体自动植冰冷冻仪,先后将33枚浏阳黑山羊7日龄胚胎进行冷冻,在-196℃的液氮中保存10.5±6.12d.将其中13枚形态结构基本正常的胚胎移植给7只同期发情的本地母山羊,结果有2只受体妊娠,产羔3只,受体妊娠率为28.57%(2/7),自制冻胚移植成功率为23.08%(3/13).     

产纳豆激酶之菌种的分离与培养

纳豆激酶（Ｎａｔｔｏｋｉｎａｓｅ）是从日本传统食品纳豆中提取出来的一种具有溶血栓功能的酶．从市售纳豆中分离出一株能产ＮＫ的菌株，经鉴定为枯草芽孢杆菌Ｂａｃｉｌｌｕｓｓｕｂｔｉｌｉｓ，其液体培养生长曲线呈Ｓ形，６～４８ ｈ 为指数生长期，４８～９６ ｈ 为稳定生长期；产酶高峰期为稳定生长前期；大豆渣、豆浆、大豆蛋白胨及胰蛋白胨４ 种氮源中以大豆蛋白胨的产酶量最高，最高产酶量为６１０．７ 尿激酶单位／ｍ Ｌ 发酵液．     

壳聚糖在水果贮藏保鲜中的应用研究

本文首先介绍了壳聚糖的理化性质及生理功能,壳聚糖具有很好的气调性、保湿性和抑菌性,这些性质使得壳聚糖适宜作为水果保鲜剂,目前已被广泛应用在食品行业;然后讨论了壳聚糖的保鲜机理,在此基础上,进一步对壳聚糖膜保鲜水果的应用进行了分类介绍。     

Evaluation of ovum storage techniques for reproductive studies of fishes

Abstract– We compared dry masses of mature oocytes and ripe eggs from Etheostoma lynceum and Etheostoma caeruleum that were stored in varying concentrations of either formalin or isopropyl alcohol. In comparison to 10% formalin, alcohol significantly reduced the weights of both mature oocytes and ripe eggs, with 25% isopropyl alcohol resulting in much smaller reductions than 50% isopropanol. Three percent formalin resulted in smaller decreases in the masses of oocytes and eggs than the alcohol treatments, and not all comparisons with 10% formalin were significantly different. We recommend fixing specimens and storing them and gametic cells removed from them in 10% formalin. In cases where specimens or eggs in alcohol must be used in addition to material in formalin, correction factors (to formalin standard) should be developed, but the correction should not be made uncritically due to the varying effects alcohol may have among samples.     

烫漂及冻结对青头菌营养价值的影响

研究了在不同的烫漂温度和烫漂时间下青头菌过氧化物酶(Peroxidase，POD)活性的变化．烫漂及冻藏对青头菌过氧化物酶活性、氨基酸、矿质元素、维生素及氨基酸态氨等成分的影响结果表明：采用95～96℃烫漂温度效果最好，在4min内过氧化物酶活性降低了95．5％；烫漂及冻藏都使青头菌营养成分受到不同程度的损失建议采用一70℃以下温度不经烫漂而冻结，冻品在-26℃冰箱中贮藏12个月，其营养价值保持很好。     

农产品产地冷藏保鲜设施建设成效、方法与发展建议

摘要：榆林是陕北重要的农产品生产销售基地,为了实现榆林市农产品冷藏保鲜与产销的有效衔接,总结了榆林农产品产地冷藏保鲜设施建设的主要成效,提炼了冷藏保鲜设施建设典型方法,包括统筹布局,高位推进;高质高效,重抓管理;健全标准,夯实责任;检打联动,严把质量;并提出了针对性的发展建议,如强化先进保鲜设备研发与配备;强化先进保鲜技术引进;建立保鲜业务竞争机制;强化保鲜技术人才培训等。     

二阴区旱作莴笋不同时期覆膜保墒增温效果试验

为探索适合旱作区早春保墒增温的最佳覆膜时期,保障旱作蔬菜的生产,结合永登县旱作农业的特点,在红叶莴笋旱作种植区域进行“双垄三沟”秋季覆膜、早春顶凌覆膜、播前覆膜3个不同时期的土壤覆膜试验,分析了不同处理耕层土壤湿度和温度的变化及其对红叶莴笋生长和产量的影响。结果表明：在红叶莴笋播种期,秋季覆膜和顶凌覆膜土壤含水量分别比播前覆膜高出7.7和5.5百分点;在幼苗期,秋季覆膜和顶凌覆膜平均土壤温度分别比播前覆膜提高1.8℃和1.3℃。与播前覆膜相比较,秋季覆膜和顶凌覆膜的红叶莴笋出苗期分别提早4 d和3 d,且出苗整齐、苗壮,产量分别提高13.79%和10.34%。结合二阴地区的实际情况,建议早春采用顶凌覆膜。     

Establishment of reliable methods of in vitro pollen germination and pollen preservation of Brassica rapa (syn. B. campestris)

A simple and reliable method for evaluating the viability of Brassica pollen was established in which the in vitro germination rate of pollen was adopted as the index of the viability of pollen grains. Pollen grains were preincubated in an atmosphere in which the relative humidity (RH) was fixed to 52% or 66% at 20 °C for 5 hours. They were cultured for 16 hours at 25 °C in a liquid Kwack's medium (1964) supplemented with 20% sucrose, and the pH was adjusted to 8.0. They were then observed under a microscope and the number of germinating and unchanged pollen grains were counted. The germination rate of pollen was improved and stabilized by preincubation and the use of a high pH medium. More than 90% of the freshly harvested pollen grains of Brassica rapa (syn. B. campestris) germinated constantly in these conditions Undehisced anthers were collected from flowers at anthesis and dehydrated by incubation at 20 °C for 16–24 hours in an atmosphere where the RH was fixed to 15% or 32%. They were put into a plastic vial and preserved in a freezer at -20 °C. The germination percentage of the preserved pollen was scored at intervals during preservation. The germination rate of the pollen grains preserved at -20°C for 1 year was higher than 50% and the pollen proved to be efficient for seed set. Most of the seeds germinated normally. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.