复方盐酸土霉素注射液的制备

【目的】制备复方盐酸土霉素注射液,并对其质量浓度进行测定。【方法】通过预试验,确定复方盐酸土霉素注射液的配方组分及其大致用量。以焦亚硫酸钠、MgCl2、乙醇胺和复合有机溶媒为影响因素,以灭菌前后盐酸土霉素和甲硝唑质量浓度变化为考察指标,利用L9(34)正交试验确定复方注射液的最优配方。利用紫外分光光度法对注射液中甲硝唑和盐酸土霉素的质量浓度进行考察,并计算其回收率和精密度。【结果】复方盐酸土霉素注射液的最优配方为:每100mL注射液中含有2.5g甲硝唑、5.0g盐酸土霉素、3g氯化镁、0.2g焦亚硫酸钠、40mL复合有机溶媒(由N,N-二甲基甲酰胺和聚乙二醇400组成,体积比为2∶1)、4mL乙醇胺,其余为注射用水。甲硝唑和盐酸土霉素在1～30μg/mL质量浓度时与吸光度呈现良好的线性关系。制备的复方盐酸土霉素注射液中甲硝唑的平均回收率为(99.22±1.48)%,变异系数为1.49%;盐酸土霉素的平均回收率为(98.22±1.24)%,变异系数为1.26%。注射液中甲硝唑和盐酸土霉素的日内、日间精密度测定结果为:平均质量浓度较高,相对标准偏差较小,且不大于2.00%。【结论】确定的复方盐酸土霉素注射液配方合理,甲硝唑和盐酸土霉素稳定性好,且回收率高。     

白藜芦醇浸提及纯化过程在线检测方法研究

[目的]比较并筛选出适用于白藜芦醇在线检测的方法。[方法]通过试验对比了高效液相色谱(HPLC)和紫外分光光度(UV)法测定花生根白藜芦醇的异同。[结果]从线性相关性看,R(UV)=0.999 6,R(HPLC)=0.999 8,2种方法都有良好的线性度,都适用于花生根白藜芦醇的检测;从精密度[RSD(HPLC)=1.87%,RSD(UV)=2.52%]和回收率[HPLC 98.8%～101.2%,RSD为1.25%;UV法97.8%～103.5%,RSD为2.25%]看,HPLC法优于紫外分光光度法;从平均测得结果看,紫外分光光度法测得白藜芦醇含量为0.699 1%、RSD=2.52%(n=4),HPLC法测得白藜芦醇含量为0.690 4%,RSD=1.87%(n=4),2种方法结果相近。[结论]本着在线监测和仪器的普适性,紫外分光光度法更有优势,更适用于花生根白藜芦醇的检测。     

农用抗生素产生菌No.24菌株诱变选育研究

以No．24菌株为出发菌株，采用紫外线、化学试剂、微波及超声波诱变法对其进行诱变。其中经微波诱变50s后，筛选得到一株高产菌株，命名为Ms-24菌株。在培养基中连续培养10代，其遗传性状非常稳定。Ms-24菌株发酵试验证明，其发酵产量比出发菌株提高23．25％；抗菌活性试验证明，其发酵液的抗菌活性比出发菌株提高了31．75％。     

牛蒡子不同溶剂提取物的UV和IR光谱研究

[目的]测定不同产地牛蒡子药材不同溶剂提取物的UV光谱与IR光谱。[方法]对不同产地牛蒡子样品的石油醚、氯仿、乙醇提取物UV光谱进行了测定,并对各样品石油醚、乙醚、水提取物的IR光谱进行了测定。[结果]不同产地牛蒡子的同种溶剂提取物UV光谱之间、IR光谱图之间均有较好的相似性及特征性共有峰;而不同溶剂提取物的UV光谱之间、IR光谱图之间差异明显。[结论]不同溶剂提取物的UV、IR光谱特征可更加全面、细致地体现牛蒡子化学成分的吸收特征,这为牛蒡子的快速鉴别提供参考依据。     

一株好氧反硝化细菌的筛选、鉴定及紫外诱变

从牛蒡(Arctium lappa L.)根际土壤中分离到1株具有较高反硝化能力的好氧细菌YB000,对该菌株采用生理生化及分子生物学方法进行了鉴定,并且对该菌株进行了以提高反硝化性能为目的的紫外诱变。结果表明,分离自牛蒡根际的反硝化细菌经鉴定为铜绿假单胞菌(Pseudomonas aeruginosa),该菌株于距离30 W紫外灯30 cm处照射240 s可获得具有较强脱氮能力且遗传性状稳定的诱变菌株YB004和YB005,其脱氮能力分别达到93.43%、92.03%。     

蹄甲角蛋白酶高产菌株的紫外诱变及酶学性质研究

为了得到蹄甲角蛋白酶高产菌株,本试验对1株产角蛋白酶的黄杆菌(Chryseobacteriumsp.)N5菌株进行紫外诱变,筛选得到高产突变株U3-22,利用考马斯亮蓝法测定U3-22菌株的角蛋白酶发酵活力达69.9U/mL,比出发菌株的25.4U/mL提高了2.75倍。该角蛋白酶最适反应温度是70℃,最适pH是7.5;K+、Mg2+、Na2SO3对该角蛋白酶有较明显的促进作用,而Mn2+、Zn2+的抑制作用较为明显;突变株U3-22产生的角蛋白酶对蹄甲粉具有很强的分解能力,且具有较好的热稳定性和pH稳定性。结果表明,U3-22产生的角蛋白酶是一种新型的耐高温、耐酸碱角蛋白酶,在动物蹄甲、羽毛等废弃资源的利用中有巨大的应用前景。     

葛粉工业废水葛根素含量测定方法的比较

【目的】验证紫外分光光度法测定葛粉工业废水葛根素含量的可靠性,建立一种可信度高、操作性强、适于监测葛粉工业废水葛根素含量动态变化的测定方法。【方法】在不同浓度的葛根素标准溶液中加入已知浓度的牛血清蛋白（BSA）,检验蛋白质对紫外分光光度法测定葛根素含量的干扰;分别采用紫外分光光度法和高效液相色谱（HPLC）法测定葛粉工业废水葛根素含量,确认紫外分光光度法测定废水中葛根素含量的可靠性。【结果】在2～20μg/mL浓度范围内,葛根素浓度与其在250nm处的吸光值呈良好的线性关系,线性方程为：y=0.0648x-0.0049,相关系数（R2）为0.9995。紫外分光光度法测定葛根素的最低检出限为0.0480μg/mL,具有精密度较高、准确度良好,且不受BSA干扰的特点。紫外分光光度法与HPLC法测定结果的相对误差为5.0%,在可接受范围内。【结论】利用紫外分光光度法替代HPLC法进行葛粉工业废水葛根素含量测定具有可信、简便的特点,适用于工厂中葛粉工业废水葛根素分离纯化生产过程的实时监测。     

TLC—UV法测定银杏叶中槲皮素的含量

建立了银杏叶黄酮类成分槲皮素的薄支析测定方法，分析条件：硅胶ＧＦ２５４薄层，展开剂为苯－醋酸乙酯－丙酮－甲酸（１０：８：２：１，体积比），无水乙醇作解吸溶剂，吸光度检测波长３６０ｎｍ。结果表明：该法精确、重现性好和线性范围宽。     

Extractives relating to heartwood color changes in sugi (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Cryptomeria japonica</Emphasis>) by a combination of smoke-heating and UV radiation exposure

 Sugi green logs with red or black heartwood were smoke-heated, and the changes in the color of the heartwood after ultraviolet (UV) (λ = 365 nm) radiation exposure were then observed. After UV radiation exposure, the redness and yellowness increased in both the red and black heartwoods, whereas the brightness decreased. In the black heartwood, the resulting color turned from yellowish white to reddish brown. Reddening in black heartwood after exposure to a combination of smoke heating and UV radiation is thought to be due to a decrease in brightness and an increase in both redness and yellowness. However, the degree of change in heartwood color by UV radiation exposure was not greatly affected by smoke-heating treatments of various lengths. When methanol extracts were fractionated and exposed to UV radiation, the yellowness increased in the n-hexane-soluble portion and the redness increased in the acetone-soluble fractions from the n-hexane-insoluble portion. These results suggest that the n-hexane-soluble fraction contains the substances that allow heartwood color to change to yellow after UV radiation exposure, and the acetone-soluble-fraction from the n-hexane-insoluble portion contains the substances that allow it to change to red. Received: November 14, 2001 / Accepted: June 3, 2002 Acknowledgment This research was supported in part by a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science. This study was presented in part at the 51st Annual Meeting of the Japan Wood Research Society, Tokyo, April 2001 Correspondence to:N. Yoshizawa     

Crack formation due to weathering of radial and tangential sections of pine and spruce

The development of cracks and changes in appearance have been investigated on radial and tangential sections of pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and spruce (Picea abies Karst.) after exposure outdoors for 61 months. The degradation of the sections has also been studied at the micro-level. The annual ring orientation was the most important factor affecting crack development on weathering. After 61 months of outdoor exposure, the tangential sections of spruce had 1.7-2.2 times greater mean total crack length per area unit than the corresponding radial sections. In pine, the total crack length per area unit on the tangential sections was 2.2-2.6 times greater than that on the radial sections. Tangential and radial sections show the same colour change as a result of weathering. Tangential sections have more and deeper cracks than radial surfaces. The cracks on the tangential sections occur frequently in both earlywood and latewood. On radial sections, cracks occur primarily at the annual ring borders, but to a certain extent also in the earlywood. Decomposition of the cell wall takes place in both radial and tangential cell walls, and cracks tend to follow the fibril orientation in the S2-layer of the cell wall. The radial cell wall of the earlywood has a large number of pits which are degraded at an early stage.