转甜菜碱醛脱氢酶基因提高烟草抗旱及耐盐性

将甜菜碱醛脱氢酶（BADH）基因与组成型启动子CaMV 35S启动子融合,构建了植物表达质粒pBIBB。通过根癌农杆菌介导将BADH基因导入烟草,经PCR、Southern杂交、Northern杂交证明BADH基因已整合到烟草基因组中并在转基因植株中转录和表达。测定转基因植株叶片中甜菜碱醛脱氢酶活性,结果显示对照植株没有BADH酶活性,转基因植株的各个株系间甜菜碱醛脱氢酶比活力差异较大,范围在0.1~1.0 U mg-1间。转BADH基因的烟草在盐胁迫和聚乙二醇（PEG）胁迫条件下生长状态良好,生长势强于未转基因植株,说明BADH基因能在异源植物中正常翻译、表达和用于植物抗旱、耐盐基因工程的研究。     

植物三型信号分泌系统下的抗病基因防御机制

近年来随着对植物抗病机理及信号转导途径的深入研究和探索,以及通过分子生物学手段新的抗病基因和病原菌无毒基因不断被克隆,科研人员对于植物三型信号分泌系统中抗病（R）基因和无毒(Avr)基因的结构、功能,作用模式及作用机制具有更加深入的认识。深入研究病原菌—寄主之间的相互作用关系,为制定更为有效的植物病害防治措施提供了依据。该文通过对三型信号分泌系统中植物病原识别受体的组成部分,抗病基因的结构域及种类,抗病基因与无毒基因及相互作用的两种模式及具体机制的总结,从植物抗病基因角度探讨了三型信号分泌系统下植物的抗病机制并在此基础上进行了前景展望。     

水稻WRKY19基因启动子功能研究初报

利用已获得的水稻WRKY19基因启动子(OsW19p::GUS)的转基因植株进行研究，分析了OsW19p在T1代苗期时的诱导表达特性，GUS荧光测定结果表明：OsW19p的表达可被ABA(100 μmol/L)、SA(500 μmol/L)、高温(42℃)、低温(5℃)和伤处理增强；被2,4-D(1μmol/L)、NaCl(200 mmol/L)和PEG4000(25%)处理抑制；IAA(5 μmol/L)、MeJA(100 μmol/L)和紫外线照射处理对OsW19p的表达几乎没有影响。OsW19p在转基因植株根中的表达水平高于35s，但在叶片中低于35s。OsW19p在转基因水稻扬花期茎部中表达水平最高，其次是花、叶鞘和叶片，在根部表达水平最低。     

马铃薯卷叶病毒外壳蛋白基因克隆转化 及其转基因后代的表达

根据GenBank中的马铃薯卷叶病外壳蛋白基因(PLRV-CP)全序列，设计一对特异性引物，以马铃薯卷叶病毒RNA为模板，克隆了马铃薯卷叶病外壳蛋白基因，在pBI121的基础上构建了植物表达载体。利用PLO(Poly-L-Ornithine)将PLRV-CP基因导入到马铃薯加工型品种大西洋的原生质体中，获得了转基因后代。在5株转化后代中扩增出长度为610bp的目标DNA片断，说明导入的外源PLRV-CP基因已经整合到马铃薯基因组中。Southern blot分析结果进一步证明了PCR结果的正确性。RT-PCR结果表明，在3株转化后代叶片中具有阳性表达。马铃薯卷叶病毒接种实验结果表明，转基因植株比对照有明显的马铃薯卷叶病抗性     

Cloning and Sequence Analysis of Lipoxygenase Gene cDNA from Cucumber Fruit （Cucumis sativus L.）

Lipoxygenases are nonheme-iron-containing dioxygenases that catalyze the hydroperoxidation of unsatrated fatty acids containing a cis, cis-1,4-pentadiene structure producing hydroperoxy acids with conjugated dienes. LOX activity has been found in a wide range of plants. Typical substrates for LOX in plants are linoleic acid and linilenic acid fatty acids. The function of various LOXs in plants is unknown, but their participation in all stages of plant growth and development has been suggested （Hildebrand, 1989; Siedow, 1991）. Some of the physiological processes in whicn lipoxygenses have been implicated include wounding （Saravitz and Siedow, 1996）, pathogen attack （Melan et al., 1993）, seed germination （Kato et al., 1992）, fruit ripening （Ferrie et al., 1994）, plant senescence （Paliyath and Droillard, 1992）. The study on the role of lipoxygenase in ripening and senescence fruit focused on tomato and strawberry. Cloning LOX gene of cucumber fruit will make us further understand the molecularaction mode of this enzyme during fxuit ripening and senescence. In this paper we isolated the partial nucleotide sequences of cucumber fiuit lipoxygenase gene and discuss the characterization of it.     

小麦抗病基因同源序列(RGAs)的克隆与分析

RGA(抗性基因同源序列)法是克隆植物抗性基因的一种经济有效的方法,成为近年来的研究热点。本实验综合分析了拟南芥,西红柿,水稻,烟草等植物已克隆的抗性基因,并以这些抗性基因的NBS(核酸结合位点),LRR(富含亮氨酸重复),STK(丝氨酸/苏氨酸激酶)保守结构域设计并合成了几十对RGA引物,对小麦抗条锈病材料进行PCR扩增,获得以Xal-NBS为引物的R88RGA片段,经克隆和序列比对分析,发现该片段与逆境条件下植物抗病信号传导相关,与蛋白激酶同源性达到96%。此项研究对抗病机理的研究和基因的发掘有重要的指导意义。     

水稻抗旱生理及抗旱相关基因的研究进展

干旱缺水是影响水稻生长发育的重要逆境因子。干旱胁迫会诱导水稻特定基因表达，这些基因的表达和调控能使水稻抵御干旱胁迫的伤害。筛选和培育抗旱的水稻品种不但可在很大程度上节约用水，而且有利于增产稳产和减少环境污染。在此，简要概述了水稻抗旱生理、抗旱机制和抗旱相关基因一些进展，为提高水稻抗旱性和抗旱育种提供相关参考。     

陆地棉一个丝氨酸/苏氨酸激酶蛋白基因的克隆与表达分析

通过RT-PCR获得一个编码棉花丝氨酸/苏氨酸激酶类似蛋白全长的cDNA片段,其编码的氨基酸序列与拟南芥ATPK3的相似度达到82%,这个基因暂被命名为GhPK1。基因全编码区包括1038个核苷酸,编码346个氨基酸的蛋白。GhPK1的编码产物在265~270个氨基酸处有一个跨膜区并可能结合在内质网膜上。GhPK1在种子和纤维中的表达水平较其它组织高。另外,GhPK1的表达量在受到盐胁迫后上升,说明GhPK1可能参与了盐胁迫反应。     

Genetic analyses of agronomic and seed quality traits of doubled haploid population in Brassica napus through microspore culture

Summary The results showed that the F1 genotype from the cross (Brassica napus cv. Zheshuang 758 × cv. Z-4115) had good response to embryogenesis, and their embryo yield and rate of plant regeneration reached 69.8 embryo/bud and 46.9%, respectively. Characters from the doubled haploid (DH) populations in B. napus were analyzed and it was showed that the means of each agronomic trait were between their parents, but they were nearer to the paternal in 6 agronomic traits (plant height, branch position, number of pods in the main raceme, length of pod, number of pods/plant and number of seeds/pod). The number of genes controlling each agronomic trait was analyzed based on the DH populations. The results showed that the number of genes controlling number of pods in the main raceme was the highest (15.6), and the least number of genes was involved for stem width (only 7.9). According to estimated coefficients of skewness and kurtosis of the traits tested, gene interaction was found to be absent for stem width, plant height, length of main raceme, number of primary and secondary branches, pod density in the main raceme and seed weight/plant. Complementary interaction was also observed in five agronomic traits (number of pods in the main raceme, length of pod, number of pods/plant, number of seeds/pod and 1000-seed weight). A significantly positive correlation was observed between seed yield/plant and four agronomic traits (length of main raceme, length of pod, number of pods/plant and 1000-seed weight). The experiment also showed that the erucic acid, glucosinolate, oil and protein contents of DH populations were 34.23%, 87.09 μmol/g, 44.09% and 42.67%, respectively. The numbers of genes controlling each quality trait were 7.8, 9.7, 9.4 and 8.7, respectively. Partial correlations between the seed quality traits and the agronomic characters of DH populations were analyzed. In this experiment, the partial correlations among seed quality traits were also analyzed and it was found that the oil content had a negative correlation with the other three seed quality traits.