大豆胰蛋白酶抑制因子酶联免疫吸附测定方法的研究

本研究以纯化的大豆Kunitz胰蛋白酶抑制因子（KTI）为抗原，对兔子进行35天免疫得到了兔抗KTI血清。分别用辣根过氧化物酶（HRP）标记纯化的抗原与抗体，制备了标记适度的酶标抗原与酶标抗体。建立了3种检测KTI含量的酶联免疫吸附测定（ELISA）方法，即酶标抗原竞争、酶标抗体直接抑制和问接抑制法。结果表明，抑制率在20％～70％范围之内，3种方法得到的标准曲线均呈现良好的线性关系（r＞0．96），且检测下限均低于20ng／ml。根据得到的标准曲线，用酶标抗原竞争ELISA法测定了不同温度热处理的KTI中剩余活性部分的含量。结果表明，ELISA法与酶化学分析法的测定结果高度相关（r＝0．99），同时样品添加的回收率试验误差小于10％。酶标抗原竞争法还被用来测定了不同温度热处理的大豆和熟豆粕、全价饲料等几种大豆产品中KTI的含量。以上结果说明，用ELISA法检测生大豆和不同热加工形式的大豆产品中的剩余KTI含量是可行的。     

Removal of sperm tail using trypsin and pre-activation of oocyte facilitates intracytoplasmic sperm injection in mice and rats

We examined various methods to enhance the accessibility of intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) technology to more users by making the technique easier, more efficient, and practical. First, the methods for artificially removing the mouse sperm tail were evaluated. Trypsin treatment was found to efficiently remove the sperm tails. The resultant sperm cells had a lower oocyte activation capacity; however, the use of activated oocytes resulted in the same fecundity as that of fresh, untreated sperm. Pre-activated oocytes were more resistant to physical damage, showed higher survival rates, and required less time per injection. Testing this method in rats yielded similar results, although the oocyte activation method was different. Remarkably, this method resulted in higher birth rates of rat progeny than with conventional methods of rat ICSI. Our method thereby streamlines mouse and rat ICSI, making it more accessible to laboratories across many disciplines.     

Fractionation of tryptic gliadin hydrolysates based on proline levels

The central domain (CD) and terminal domains (TDs) of wheat gliadins contain high and low levels of the amino acid proline (Pro), respectively. The CD is rather hydrophilic while the TDs are rather hydrophobic and contain most of the ionisable amino acids, although present only in low levels. Therefore, peptides derived from the CD or TDs may strongly differ in their physico–chemical properties. Trypsin cleaves peptide bonds at lysine and arginine residues which are mainly present in the TDs and was used in the present study. Several fractionation methods were examined to isolate CD and TD related peptides from tryptic hydrolysates. Pro was used as a marker for CD and TD related peptides. Both semi-preparative reversed-phase HPLC separation and fractionation of the water-soluble peptides of the tryptic gliadin hydrolysates by graded ethanol precipitation resulted in peptide fractions with different Pro levels. Whereas the fractions precipitating up to 90% ethanol were Pro rich, a Pro poor fraction consisting of small peptides was soluble in 90% ethanol solution. The water insoluble peptides of the tryptic hydrolysates also showed a low Pro level. Ultrafiltration of the water-soluble peptides using a 5-k membrane resulted in small Pro poor peptides and larger Pro rich peptides.     

大豆凝集素、脲酶和胰蛋白酶抑制剂的分离纯化

采用硫酸铵盐析、羟基磷灰石柱层析以及Sephadex凝胶过滤等方法,同时从大豆中分离纯化大豆凝集素、脲酶和胰蛋白酶抑制剂。三者的蛋白质回收率分别为0.39％、0.23％和0.13％。本方法与DEAE—Sephadex A_(50)柱层析及酸化—Sepharose 4 B、胰蛋白酶—Sepharose 4 B、卵类粘蛋白—Sepharose 4 B亲和层析分离纯化方法作了比较。本法简便易行,效果较好。     

Edible provenances of Jatropha curcas from Quintana Roo state of Mexico and effect of roasting on antinutrient and toxic factors in seeds

Seven seed samples of J. curcas, both in raw and roasted state, sold in some villages in Quintana Roo state, Mexico for human consumption were analyzed for physical characteristics, nutrients and antinutrients. The average seed weight varied from 0.53 to 0.74 g and kernel weight as proportion of raw seed weight was from 61 to 66%. The contents of crude protein, lipid and ash of kernels from raw seeds were 27–30%, 55–62% and 3.7–5.2% respectively. The levels of antinutrients in meal from the raw seeds were: trypsin inhibitor activity (14.6–28.7 mg trypsin inhibited/g), lectin (25.6–52.2 unit; one unit is the reverse of minimum amount of mg meal/ml assay which produced haemagglutination), saponins (1.9–2.3% as diosgenin equivalent) and phytate (8.4–10%). Phorbol esters in kernels from raw seeds were not detected in four samples and in other three samples it ranged from 0.01 to 0.02 mg/g as phorbol-12-myristate 13-acetate equivalent. Roasting of seeds inactivated almost 100% of trypsin inhibitor activity. Although lectin activity reduced on roasting, it was still present in high amounts. Saponins, phytate and phorbol esters were not affected by roasting.     

Trypsin Activity Measurement in Fish and Mammals

Abstract

Trypsin activity is usually measured using synthetic substrates, principally amide and ester derivatives of the amino acids lysine or arginine. The aim of this study was to compare trypsin activity measurements done with two assays using amide substrates and two assays using ester substrates. The activity of purified commercial enzyme extracts (bovine and Atlantic cod, Gadus morhua) were measured as was the activity in animal tissues (mice and Atlantic cod) at 5, 15, 25, and 35°C. The results clearly showed the potential impact of the substrate choice on the results when comparing different taxonomic groups at different temperatures. The sensitivity, the measurement reproducibility and even the thermal sensitivity of the enzyme varies according to the assay used.     

测定豆类胰蛋白酶抑制剂活性和种类的电泳方法改良

以赤豆胰蛋白酶抑制剂(ABTI)及绿豆的胰蛋白酶抑制剂(MBTI)为材料,采用明胶-PAGE技术对其进行活性和种类检测。同时对影响明胶-PAGE技术体系的明胶浓度、酶解时间、脱酶液及电泳的灵敏度等因素进行探讨。结果表明:改良后的明胶-PAGE技术,鉴定胰蛋白酶抑制剂活性和种类的时间大大缩短,成本低,技术操作可行性强,重复性好,且检测ABTI的种类达7种,灵敏度达到每孔1.0 BAEE、蛋白点样量为每孔0.154μg。     

Effect ofCallosobruchus chinensis (Bruchid) infestation on antinutritional factors in stored legumes

Effect of bruchid infestation on selected antinutritional factors, saponin, phytic acid and trypsin inhibitor activities, of three (mung bean, chickpea and pigeon pea) legumes stored for six months was studied. The three antinutritional factors, saponin, phytic acid and trypsin inhibitor activity (TIA), increased with increased storage period. Saponin, phytic acid and trypsin inhibitor activity values were significantly lower in control samples compared to stored infested samples. The difference between the contents of antinutritional factors were significant (p<0.05) during different storage periods.     

Tannins,Trypsin Inhibitors and Lectin Cytotoxicity in Tepary (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Phaseolus acutifolius</Emphasis>) and Common (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Phaseolus vulgaris</Emphasis>) Beans

This study compared the levels of antinutritional components and cytotoxic effect of extracts, from tepary (Phaseolus acutifolius) and common (Phaseolus vulgaris) beans. Antinutritional factors were evaluated by determining their effect on the viability of epithelial cells isolated from rat small intestine. The protein and carbohydrates content were similar in all the genotypes studied (20 and 60%, respectively). Common beans presented higher content of trypsin inhibitors, tannins and lectins than tepary beans. There was not a significant correlation between tannins and cooking time. However, water absorption and cooking time correlated significantly (p < 0.05). Considerable variation was observed in lectin activity (1302–18161 Ul/mg) of extracts from different beans. Tannins, lectins, trypsin inhibitors and fat content differed between bean varieties whereas protein content was similar. The percent cellularity on rat epithelial cells was significantly different among protein extracts from different bean cultivars and ranged between 53.5% and 87.4% (p < 0.05). These results suggest that the incorporation of tepary beans in the diet would not alter the current nutritional contribution of common beans or introduce adverse toxic effects. The agronomic characteristics of tepary beans make them attractive for cultivation. However, the harder to cook phenomenon may be a limiting factor that needs further consideration.