小黑麦饲草品质性状的配合力分析

利用Griffing完全双列杂交方法Ⅱ,对小黑麦6个亲本的粗蛋白、粗灰分、粗脂肪、粗纤维、水分和无氮浸出物6个饲草品质性状的配合力进行研究,结果表明:SD04-1、新小黑麦1号的一般配合力较好,可作为改良饲草品质的骨干亲本,新小黑麦1号×新小黑麦3号、04草鉴3×新小黑麦4号、04草鉴3×H03-7这3个组合的SCA效应值在饲草品质的4个性状上均表现正向效应,可作为优质育种的重点组合.     

氮肥对黑小麦“运黑161”产量及氮素利用效率的影响

为了研究不同施肥水平对黑小麦产量和氮利用率的影响,在洪洞县小麦试验基地开展大田试验。试验以“运黑161”为供试品种,采用单因素完全随机设计,设0 kg/hm²（N0）、144 kg/hm²（N144）、192 kg/hm²（N192）、240 kg/hm²（N240）4 个施氮水平,研究黑小麦在不同氮肥水平下的株高、产量、籽粒蛋白质含量和氮利用率的变化。研究表明,与不施肥相比,施氮可增加黑小麦孕穗至成熟期株高。随施氮量的增加,成熟期穗数和穗粒数也增加,产量以施氮量240 kg/hm²最高,达6 048.45 kg/hm²,较其它氮肥提高6.04%~134.30%,但与施氮量192 kg/hm²处理间差异不显著。氮肥农学利用率以施氮量192 kg/hm²最高,达16.26%。总之,施氮量为192 kg/hm²更利于“运黑161”降低氮肥投入,节约成本,实现产量和氮效率的同步提升。     

新引进小黑麦的农艺性状及细胞学特点研究

通过对从国际玉米小麦改良中心(C IMMYT)新引进的183份小黑麦材料的主要农艺性状及细胞学特点鉴定,发现绝大部分材料对当地的气候环境条件有很强的适应性,生长发育良好,对白粉病免疫;且都是细胞学稳定的六倍体(2n=42)小黑麦;并从中筛选出了一些具有代表性的好材料。     

Effect of Diclofop and Linuron on Rye Grass (Lolium multiflorum), Control in Triticale (X Triticosecale), Wheat (Triticum aestivum), and Rye (Secale cereale)

Annual rye grass ( Lolium multiflorum Lam.) is a serious and wide spread problem in cereal crops. A field experiment with a promising herbicide diclofop [(±)-2-[4-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)phenoxy] propanoic acid] at 0.56, 0.84 and 1.12 kg ai/ha, in comparison to commonly used linuron [ N' -(3,4-dichlorophenyl)- N -methoxy- N -methylurea] at 0.84, 1.12 and 1.41 kg ai/ha was conducted to control rye grass ( Lolium multiflorum Lam.) in triticale (X Triticosecale Wittmack), wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) and rye ( Secale cereale L.). The herbicides were applied as soil-incorporated, preemergence and post-emergence. Results showed that diclofop is less phytotoxic than Linuron and the postemergence application of these herbicides was more phytotoxic on all cereal crops. Diclofop applied at 1.12 kg/ha, gave almost 100 percent rye grass control and produced 45 and 115 kg/ha higher grain yields in pre- and postemergence methods, respectively, as compared to the soil-incorporated method.     

Pollen Longevity in Wheat, Rye and Triticale

The duration of pollen life was measured for several varieties of wheat, rye and triticale to determine whether the inclusion of alleles for pollen longevity from alien sources would be necessary and effective in hybrid wheat production. Percent seed set was calculated from spikes in which emasculated flowers had been pollinated with pollen stored for specified time intervals under desiccation and under normal greenhouse conditions. Seed was set on wheat, rye and triticale lines using pollen stored for 45, 220, and 80 minutes, respectively. These results indicate that the duration of wheat pollen life is adequate for fertilization to occur under conditions normally used in hybrid wheat production, and that. Introgression of alien alleles is not necessary.     

New films based on triticale flour: Properties and effects of storage time

In this study, new films based on triticale flour were prepared by using the casting technique. Colour, microstructure, mechanical, physicochemical and water vapour barrier properties were determined. Triticale flour films were aged up to 60 days at 52% relative humidity and 25 °C. The influence of storage time on functional properties was also studied. All films presented high (from 84.01 to 85.21) lightness values (L*). Results showed that during storage the values of permeability of the films did not change significantly. Tensile strength, elastic modulus of Young and puncture force values increased and the percent of elongation at break decreased towards the last days of storage. Analysis of SEM images of films showed the appearance of small cracks at 60 days of storage. After 45 days of storage, triticale flour films maintained acceptable functional properties. In conclusion, films based on triticale flour showed properties that make them a substantial potential to be incorporated in food packaging applications.     

节节麦和黑麦杂种F1及双二倍体中基因组变异分析

人工合成的双二倍体在遗传和植物育种中有重要作用。为探讨远缘杂交后代双二倍体育性提高及其细胞学稳定的分子机制,利用ALFP、MASP技术对节节麦-黑麦杂种及其双二倍体S₁~S₄代的基因组变异进行了分析。该双二倍的S₁~S₄代体细胞染色体数2n = 28的植株的比例从57.1%提高到92.5%,2n = 28的植株的花粉母细胞减数分裂中期二价体平均数目从11.7提高到12.25,平均结实率从24.5%提高到51.3%。利用两套分别扩增重复序列和单拷贝序列的酶切引物组合EcoR I/Mse I (E-M)、Pst I/Mse I (P-M)对节节麦–黑麦杂种F₁和双二倍体S₁~S₄代扩增表明,基因组序列变异主要发生于F₁代,且以序列消除为主。E-M和P-M引物扩增带中, 节节麦基因组在F₁代的序列消除带数占各代总消失带数的70.00%和52.95%,而在黑麦基因组为96.88%和81.64%。MSAP分析表明节节麦和黑麦杂种和加倍能够导致节节麦和黑麦基因组序列甲基化状态改变,以甲基化为主,仅发生在F₁和S₁代。在S₂~S₄代中没有检测到甲基化变异。     

冬牧70黑麦＋箭舌豌豆混播草地生物量,品质及种间竞争的动态研究

作者在位于华北农牧交错的承德地区鱼儿山牧场中国农业大学科技蔟关试验站,对冬牧７９０黑麦和箭舌豌豆单播及混播的一年生人工草地进行了生物量动态,牧草品质及种间竞争的研究。结果表明,冬牧７０黑麦单播最佳刈割期为抽穗期,混播的最刈割期为黑麦乳熟早期,箭舌豌豆下部呈荚充满时间。最佳的混播组合为冬牧７０黑麦２５％＋箭舌豌豆７５％和冬牧７０黑麦５０％＋。从整个混播群落看,冬牧７０黑麦生长快,植株高,其竞争力强于     

化学杀雄在小黑麦制种上的应用研究

乙烯利和三嗪二酮都是目前我国生产的较好的小麦杀雄剂,用乙烯利4000ppm+二酮4000ppm 混合液,从花粉母细胞形成-花粉双核期喷施,比单一药剂喷施药害较轻,有效喷药期长,不育率可达80～90%,雌芯受精能力亦不受影响。小麦与桥梁品种的杂种,经化学杀雄后在隔离区中与黑麦自然授粉,可获得大量的杂种。这不仅可节省人力和时间,而且     

含B染色体的黑麦基因组DNA甲基化变异研究

运用RAPD法检测黑麦JNK居群中含有和不含B染色体的基因组DNA的序列差异,并从100个10碱基随机引物中筛选出5个,采用CRED-RA法,检测含有和不含B染色体基因组DNA的甲基化变异。结果表明,含有和不含B染色体的黑麦基因组中均可以发生CmCGG甲基化修饰,但与不含B染色体的基因组相比,含有B染色体的黑麦基因组中发生了更广泛的CmCGG甲基化变异,这可能是B染色体产生表型抑制或基因沉默的一个重要原因。