木霉的空间诱变效应

本文对产纤维素酶的木霉菌孢子和斜面培养菌体搭载中国第18颗返回式卫星后,菌落形态和产酶能力的变化进行了研究。实验结果表明,搭载菌株的菌落形态发生变异,菌株的生长周期出现了缩短或延长的现象。对搭载的木霉菌株进行筛选,获得3株产酶能力大幅度提高的优良突变菌株,产酶能力提高了50%以上,且性状遗传稳定。     

Preparation on the basis of Trichoderma asperellum in the system of biological protection of wheat from Fusarium ear scab

During the last century, as the area of wheat grown under advanced grain husbandry has increased worldwide, so too has the importance of Fusarium ear scab (FES) (synonym, Fusarium head blight) caused by several species of the fungus Fusarium. Yield losses due to FES can total 20%-40% and more depending on climatic conditions. During the last twenty years epidemics of FES in cereals have become chronic all over the world, including the United States and Russia. The most destructive of t…     

黑曲霉和里氏木霉原生质体形成与再生条件选择──Ⅱ．菌龄、酶配比及酶解温度和时间的选择

用正交试验比较了菌龄、酶种类及浓度配比、酶解温度和酶解时间４个主要因素，对黑曲霉（Ａｓｐｅｒｇｉｌｌｕｓｎｉｇｅｒ）ＡＭＳ１１和里氏木霉（Ｔｒｉｃｈｏｄｅｒｍａｒｅｅｓｅｉ）ＱＭ９４１４两菌株原生质体形成与再生的影响。结果表明，ＡＭＳ１１和ＱＭ９４１４两菌株原生质体形成与再生的４个因素的合理参数分别是：菌龄１４～１６小时和１８～２０小时；三种酶配比（纤维素酶：蜗牛酶：溶菌酶）（ｍｇ／ｍｌ）为（８：４：２）和（５：２．５：２．５）；酶解温度均为３２℃；酶解时间均为２～３小时。     

抑制稗草生长的木霉菌REMI转化子构建与功能初探

创制新的木霉菌突变株,为筛选新的抑草类化合物奠定基础。通过REMI插入突变技术,以Trichoderma atrovirideT23为出发菌,进行了REMI转化子构建。对得到的转化子进行了PCR检测,分别利用抗潮霉素和氨苄青霉素基因为引物进行特异性扩增,并对发酵产物细分为分生孢子、超声波PBS法破碎孢子和发酵液,分别对稗草生长的生物活性进行测试。获得了18个转化子,通过继代培养和PCR扩增,证明线性pV2质粒DNA已成功插入木霉菌基因组。从REMI创制的木霉菌突变株库中,筛选出8株有抑草活性转化子(TaA2、TaB3T、aB7、TaE2、TaE8T、aH8、TaJ6和TaJ9),其发酵液具有抑制稗草的活性,并对水稻生长安全。经测试发酵产物对稗草生长的生物活性,获得了具有抑草活性及稳定性均理想的转化子TaB3。REMI方法所创造的转化子可较高效地筛选出具有抑草功能的突变体。     

Genetic regulation of conidiation in Trichoderma hamatun

Achieving a balance between vegetative growth and spore production is essential for successful biocontrol by fungi. Low sporulation rates in the field can result in poor establishment and survival,whereas failure of conidia to recognise hosts can lead to persistence without efficacy. Commercial biocontrol products involve bulk preparations of conidia, however considerable variability in conidiation rates exists between biocontrol agents, which can restrict choice of strain for production. The majority of studies on Trichoderma conidiation have focused on the species T. viride and T. atroviride.These species form conidia in response to blue and near-UV light and/or nutrient deprivation and conidiation proceeds in a highly co-ordinated fashion, however relatively little is known on the genetic basis of Trichoderrma conidiation. In addition, whilst photoconidiation appears to be a general response detailed studies in other Trichoderma species are absent. In this study, conidiation in the lesser known biocontrol species T. hamatum is being investigated using a combined morphological and molecular approach. In contrast to T. atroviride, conidiation in response to blue-light was weaker and variable and suggested that additional triggers may be required for the T. hamatum photoresponse. A series of comparative photoconidiation assays are currently being undertaken investigating the effect of inoculum type and abiotic factors on timing and intensity of the response.Results will be discussed in relation to the current knowledge on conidial morphogenesis in Trichoderma. In addition to these morphological assays, a selection of genes implicated in sporulation and the blue-light responses are currently being isolated and characterised from T. hamatum. Two genes, phr1 and cmp1 , which were isolated previously from T. atroviride will be used as early and late markers of gene expression during the photoresponse in T. hamatum in order to define time points for harvesting comparable stage-specific RNA from T. hamatum and T. atroviride. Using degenerate PCR putative sporulation gene orthologues have also been identified in T. hamatum.Work is currently underway to isolate genomic clones of these genes from T. hamatum and T.atroviride. Sequence and expression analysis of orthologues, including expression in response to abiotic factors will be presented and discussed in relation to the current knowledge of the molecular basis of conidiation in Trichoderma and other filamentous fungi.……     

从3种基质分离的木霉种类鉴定

从福建省的食用菌、植物线虫虫体和植物根际土壤中共分离到125个木霉(Trichoderma)菌株,根据形态学特征和培养性状,鉴定出5种木霉,分别是哈茨木霉(T.harzianum)、绿色木霉(T.viride)、康氏木霉(T.koningii)、拟康氏木霉(T.pseudokoningii)和长枝木霉(T.longibrachiatum).植物根际土壤中的优势种为哈茨木霉和绿色木霉;食用菌上的优势种为康氏木霉和拟康氏木霉;植物线虫虫体上的优势种为绿色木霉.     

深绿木霉紫外光诱导耐低温突变菌株的研究

通过紫外光诱变处理获得一种耐低温(10℃)的深绿木霉(Trichodermaaureoviride)突变菌株Tuv-1。该菌株在PDA培养基上连续转接培养5次,具有稳定遗传性。低温下与亲本菌株相比,Tuv-1菌丝生长速率大,对灰霉病菌的拮抗作用明显。     

利用拮抗木霉菌防治立枯病的研究

从吉林、黑龙江、北京、天津等地采集土样28份，经室内分离纯化后得到木霉菌（Trichoderma.spp)菌株60个，以立枯比丝核菌为供试病原菌，通过对峙培养筛选出1株对立枯丝核菌有强拮抗作用的木霉菌菌株，将其孢子悬液对茄苗不同时期进行人工接种测定其对立枯病的防治，结果表明：这种拮抗木霉菌对茄子苗期立枯病人明显的防治效果，子叶期防效达73．3％，真叶期防效达71．34％。     

番木瓜炭疽病生防木霉菌株的初步筛选

为利用生物防治的方法抑制番木瓜炭疽病,通过测定并综合分析比较各木霉菌株的抗生作用、产孢量、不同培养基下的抑菌率、生长速度以及耐药性,从90株木霉菌株中初步筛选出拮抗番木瓜炭疽菌的优良木霉菌(Trichodermaspp.)T05-049、T8-R、T05-035和T05-044等4株菌株,其产孢量分别为1.42×109、5.45×108、4.16×108、1.38×109;在1.01 mg/L特可多的条件下,均生长良好;该4个菌株在25、20、15和10℃下生长正常,耐温性较好,对炭疽菌(Colletotrichumspp.)的抗生作用分别为3、1、1、5;分别在PDA和番木瓜培养基上于25、20和15℃下培养,木霉对胶孢炭疽菌(C.gleosporioides)的抑制率在57.05%以上,对辣椒炭疽菌(C.capcisi)的抵制率在47.87%以上.     

11种木霉菌对葡萄灰霉病菌的拮抗作用

对采自宁夏14个市县的170份土样及其它材料进行分离,得到96株木霉菌株,采用形态分类方法鉴定出9种木霉菌以及2种未知名菌种,它们分别为哈茨木霉(Trichoderma harzianum)、绿色木霉(T.viride)、长枝木霉(T.longibrachiatum)、康氏木霉(T.koningii)、拟康氏木霉(T.pseudokoningii)、顶孢木霉(T.fertile)、黄绿木霉(T.aureoviride)、深绿木霉(T.atroviride)、钩状木霉(T.hamatum)以及T.sp1和T.sp2。竞争及对峙培养结果表明:11种木霉菌种对葡萄灰霉病菌(BotrytiscinereaPers.)均有不同程度的拮抗作用,尤其前四种木霉菌表现出了很强的竞争优势,在对峙培养中对葡萄灰霉菌的拮抗系数为Ⅰ￣Ⅱ,抑菌率达61.8%￣77.6%。在光学显微镜下可观察到木霉菌或缠绕或穿入葡萄灰霉菌菌丝生长,并发生菌丝断裂、消解以及细胞原生质浓缩等现象。