鳙鱼初孵鱼苗的运输试验

本文作者在１９９２－１９９３年进行了５次鳊鱼初孵鱼苗（出膜后１－２６小时）的运输试验，都获得成功。鳙鱼初孵鱼苗在运输路程１２０公里、运输时间３－４小时的情况下，运输成活率达９５以上。     

Transmission of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus among pigs during transportation from farm to abattoir

The prevalence of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in pigs at abattoirs is higher than in pigs sampled on farms. This study investigated whether MRSA negative pigs can become MRSA positive during transportation from the farm to the abattoir after exposure to other pigs and environmental sources of MRSA. Nasal swabs were collected from four batches of pigs during loading at the farm, on arrival at the abattoir and after stunning. Environmental wipes were taken from lorries after transporting pigs and from lairages after holding pigs. All pigs (n = 117) tested MRSA negative before transportation. On arrival at the abattoir, 12/117 (10.3%) pigs in two batches tested MRSA positive. In lorries that tested positive after transportation, the prevalence of MRSA positive pigs was 21.1%, whereas no MRSA was detected in pigs that had been transported in lorries that tested negative after transportation. At stunning, all batches and 70/117 (59.8%) pigs tested MRSA positive. Pigs can become MRSA positive in the short period of time during transportation from the farm to stunning at the abattoir.     

18—19世纪中期英国交通运输的建设与农业市场的扩展

18世纪中期至19世纪中期英国接连掀起公路、运河和铁路建设的高潮，三者共同形成一个全国性的交通网络，这对于沟通农业与市场的联系起了很大促进作用。农业所需物资及农产品通过发达的交通能迅速便利地交流，大大降低了成本、提高了效率。英国农民对市场反应的灵敏也有赖于此，从某种程度上讲也就刺激了农业生产。另一方面，交通运输网络的形成又促进了市场的扩大与完善，这对于英国农业，对于英国整体经济的发展都有重大的意义。     

Transportation and handling stress of white suckers raised in cages

Changes in plasma cortisol concentrations were measured in juvenile white suckers, Catostomus commersoni (Lacepede), as a measure of their response to transportation (8 h) and chase challenge stressors. The study attempted to evaluate the ability of this species to withstand standard aquacultural husbandry practices. Plasma cortisol concentrations were elevated during and following transportation. Recovery from transportation (as plasma cortisol levels reached baseline values) was prolonged in fish transported under winter conditions compared with fish transported during the summer months. The plasma cortisol response to a 5 min chase challenge in well-fed juvenile white suckers was typically of 2 to 3 h periodicity with the peak values between 15 and 30 min. This pattern was similar in fish fed three commercial diets (although rates of recovery differed), and was unaffected by fasting. The return of plasma cortisol concentrations to baseline values following the chase-challenge stressor was prolonged in fasted groups. The results of this study showed that juvenile white suckers require several days to recover from transportation and under the acclimation conditions applied, the recovery was faster in the fish transported during the summer.     

14C同化物在黄柏韧皮部的运输速率测定

以14C为示踪剂,用14CO2 CO2混合气体法进行半株标记,饲喂50μCi/株的NaH14CO3,标记时间为lh.燃烧法制样,在FJ2107P液体闪烁计数器上测定,14C同化物在黄柏韧皮部中的运输速率为47～54 cm/h,平均速率为50.2 cm/h.     

运输问题最优方案探讨

运用两种方法即最小元素法和最大最小元素法。求运输问题的最优方案。最小元素法编制初始方案只考虑运价:最大最小元素法编制初始方案既考虑运价,又同时考虑了供求量。两种方法编制初始方案出发点不同,通过调整、改进,最终得到的使总运费最少的最优方案就不一样。因此,运输问题最优方案不是唯一的。     

普通带式输送机与大倾角挡边带式输送机的对比

通过对普通带式输送机和大倾角挡边带式输送机的应用效果,阐述了两种机型运行中的特点,总结出了各机型的性能参数及经济对比,肯定了大倾角挡边带式输送机的可行性。     

亚热带小流域不同沉积区土壤粘粒矿物的演变

在亚热带丘陵河谷地小流域范围内地表物质的迁移常可导致不同沉积区物质组成的变化 .从黄泥土→洪积泥砂土→培泥砂土 ,随着搬运距离的增加 ,其粘粒矿物组成发生了一系列的变化 ;高岭石逐渐下降 ,云母逐渐增加 ,蛭石渐趋下降消失 ,而绿泥石则逐渐形成 ;同时赤铁矿、针铁矿也先后下降消失 .矿物的演化与沉积物所处环境的水分条件及溶液中盐基物质和酸碱度变化有关     

The impact of high speed, high volume traffic axes on brown bears in Slovenia

The Ljubljana-Razdrto highway and the parallel Ljubljana-Trieste railway cut through critical brown bear (Ursus arctos) habitat in south-central Slovenia. These high speed, high volume traffic axes are located close to the main dispersal corridor for bears from the Dinaric Mountain range into the Alps. We analyzed radiotracking data of 15 individual bears that lived within 10 km of the highway, compared transportation related and overall known bear mortality, and analyzed the spatial distribution of bear-vehicle accidents. The highway posed a home range boundary to resident bears, but was not an absolute barrier. Transportation-related mortality was high in the vicinity of the highway and railway, and averaged 31% of the total known local mortality from 1992 to 1999. At present the detrimental impact of transportation routes on the bear population in Slovenia is modest due to the high density of bears and the low density of highways—but new highways are planned or already under construction. Managers have to be aware that, due to bears large home ranges and long dispersal distances, a single highway affects bears from a huge area—emphasizing the importance of international cooperation and a landscape approach in highway planning.