Blood, Bull Terriers and Babesiosis: further evidence for direct transmission of Babesia gibsoni in dogs

This study reports on the epidemiology of Babesia gibsoni in American Pit Bull Terriers living in a region of western Victoria in southern Australia. Both American Pit Bull Terriers (n = 100) and other dog breeds (n = 51) were screened for B gibsoni using immunofluorescent antibody testing (IFAT) and/or polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). A questionnaire was also completed by each dog owner, ascertaining the husbandry and habits of the dogs sampled. Fourteen dogs were positive for B gibsoni using IFAT and/or PCR-RFLP and all were American Pit Bull Terriers. Dogs that were male and/or had been bitten by or were biters of other American Pit Bull Terriers were more likely to be B gibsoni positive, thus suggesting that blood-to-blood transmission contributes to the spread of this disease between dogs.     

H9N2亚型禽流感病毒传播途径特性的比较及其表面基因序列分析

选择中国大陆最早分离的H9N2亚型禽流感病毒(avian influenza virus,AIV)A/Chicken/Guangdong/SS/94(H9N2)(缩写为SS株)和1998年大流行时期分离的H9N2亚型AIVA/Chicken/Shanghai/F/98(H9N2)(缩写为F株)为研究对象,对其在SPF鸡体内的复制能力和传播途径特性比较后发现,F株在4周龄SPF鸡气管中的复制能力高于SS株,F株可以经气溶胶传播途径传播,SS株不能经气溶胶传播途径传播;利用反转录-聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)方法获取F株和SS株的HA和NA基因的cDNA,序列分析得知,F株和SS株的HA和NA基因的同源性分别是96.6%和98.1%;HA基因的裂解位点氨基酸序列都是PARSSR↓GL,但有5个氨基酸的差异,即166位N(F)→D(SS)、198位A(F)→V(SS)、217位V(F)→I(SS)、335位G(F)→R(SS)、504位L(F)→S(SS);2株病毒的NA基因在63~65位都存在氨基酸缺失,但在NA基因红细胞吸附位点的氨基酸序列不同,分别是IKKDSRSG(F)和IKEDLRSG(SS)。F株和SS株的传播特性差异是否与其表面基因序列有关,有待进一步研究。     

奶业产业链纵向价格传导的时滞效应与政策启示

奶业产业链纵向价格传导受阻,导致奶牛养殖长期处于价值链的低增值环节,甚至出现“行业萎缩”现象.本文对上游奶牛养殖成本向下游乳品加工环节价格传导机制进行理论分析,并基于2008年1-12月份奶牛饲养成本和原料奶价格的月度数据,运用有限分布滞后模型测度价格传导的滞后效应.结果 表明:饲养成本向下游传导存在显著的滞后性,饲养...     

The Response of Cattle and Sheep to Feed Contaminated with Rodent Faeces

On farms where rats and mice are present, unprotected livestock feed may become contaminated with rodent faeces, thereby creating a possible source of infection for cattle and sheep. Livestock unable to avoid contaminated feed may choose to eat it entirely, reject it completely or attempt to reject faeces selectively while consuming some of the feed. Two experiments were conducted to investigate which of these three responses were demonstrated by livestock. Ten cattle and ten sheep were presented individually with three repeats of ten feed treatments. Treatments were based on two feed types (meal and pelleted compound), with three levels of contamination (none, 'low' and 'high'), from one of two rodent species (rat and mouse).Avoidance behaviour was greater for feed contaminated with rat faeces compared to feed contaminated with mouse faeces. At low levels of rat contamination there was evidence that livestock actively rejected faeces whilst consuming feed. At higher levels of contamination animals rejected faeces and feed. Livestock could not actively discriminate against mouse faeces and thus rejection of feed was used to avoid faeces ingestion.Despite rejection of contaminated feed and some discrimination against faeces, significant numbers of rodent faeces were ingested illustrating that livestock feeding behaviour cannot prevent ingestion of rodent faeces. Feed contaminated with rodent faeces therefore poses a significant risk of disease infection to livestock.     

北京地区牛病毒性腹泻病毒流行传播的原因分析

在对北京地区20个奶牛群进行抗体水平检测和全群抗原筛查的基础上,将牛群中牛病毒性腹泻病毒流行状况同牛群在3年内是否引入过动物进行相关性比较。结果显示,20个牛群中,引入过动物的8个牛群中后备牛群血清抗体平均水平为80.0%,抗原筛查的总体阳性率为0.61%;未引入过动物的12个牛群中后备牛血清抗体平均水平为65.5%,抗原筛查的总体阳性率为0.15%,两组数据之间差异极显著,表明牛群在3年内是否引进过动物对牛群持续感染牛的分布影响极显著,动物引进可能是造成BVDV在北京地区流行传播的主要原因之一。     

对虾白斑综合征病毒研究概况

对虾白斑综合征病毒(WSSV)引起世界范围内养殖对虾的急性、致死性传染病,造成对虾养殖业的巨大损失,在我国这种情况尤为严重。WSSV是同一类紧密相关的无包埋体类杆状病毒,与杆状病毒并无同源性。2001年,中国和荷兰科学家分别报道了WSSV的全基因组DNA序列,启动了WSSV后基因组研究。已有多种检测方法用于WSSV的检测和致病机理的研究。WSSV感染宿主谱广,以多种传播途径感染宿主,目前还没有用于病毒增殖的细胞系,但已有成熟的动物模型,从而方便了对WSSV的研究。本文就该病毒的命名、病毒特性、检测方法、病毒感染增殖、感染宿主、传播途径及感染动物模型等方面的研究现状和进展作一综述。     

隔板对汽车微穿孔管消声器声学特性的影响

为分析隔板对微穿孔管消声器声学特性的影响,该文首先通过试验验证微穿孔管消声器传递损失数值计算方法,然后建立带隔板微穿孔管消声器传递损失的理论模型并利用数值方法进行验证,最后基于理论模型分析了隔板对微穿孔管消声器传递损失的影响。分析发现,隔板位置影响主消声频带及传递损失大小,隔板越靠近中间位置,第一拱形衰减域向高频扩大,且传递损失越大;隔板数目增加,传递损失相应增大,但当隔板数目达到一定值时传递损失不再显著增大;在简单微穿孔管消声器内加隔板后,可以适当缩短膨胀腔长度,而不会明显降低该消声器消声性能,此方法可大大降低消声器的轴向长度,对微穿孔管消声器的优化设计具有指导意义。     

乳腺分泌物中体细胞的研究进展

不同物种的乳腺分泌物中含有的细胞成分被称为体细胞,其中包括淋巴细胞、白细胞、巨噬细胞和上皮细胞。物种、乳腺感染情况、不同生理阶段和饲养管理条件等因素均会影响乳中的体细胞数量和细胞类型。近年来,乳中体细胞得到了人们的关注和深入研究,显示出广阔的应用前景。人们利用从初乳和常乳中得到的乳腺上皮细胞已经成功进行了乳腺细胞的原代培养和建立了乳腺细胞系,为乳生成、被动免疫转移和乳腺癌的研究提供了良好平台。体细胞中提取的RNA代表了乳腺组织的基因表达,因此为研究乳腺组织的基因表达提供了方便、良好的来源。     

鸣禽鸟的发声中枢及其神经传导通路的研究

鸣禽鸟的发声中枢及其神经传导通路的研究曾庆华，赵玲，姜立嘉（东北师范大学生物系）鸣禽鸟之所以能发出婉动听的鸣叫，不仅仅是依赖于外围发声器（鸣管）来完成，而是经过多级水平的相关中枢组成的机能系统密切配合统一调节方能完成的。这个机能系统称它为各级发声中枢...     

Transmission of Theileriosis in the Traditional Farming Sector in the Southern Province of Zambia during 1995–1996

The incidence of first contact with the protozoan Theileria parva was determined in three traditional cattle herds in the Southern Province of Zambia in 1995 and 1996. The majority of first contacts occurred during the dry season in June, July and August, at a time of nymphal activity and in the absence of Rhipicephalus appendiculatus adults, indicating that larva to nymph transmission plays a more prominent role than nymph to adult transmission under the prevailing conditions.