国有林场森林资源结构秩序调整的研究

根据适地适树和经济效益的原则，设计了一个国有林场森林资源结构秩序的理想换型，并对该国有林场森林资源结构秩序进行静态和动态的调整，使各树种的时空秩序趋于合理，达到森林资源永续利用的目的。     

开顶箱内自然气流的湍流统计特性

The turbulence statistics parameters （variables） of natural airflow within a large Open Top Chamber （OTC）, 4 m in high height and 3 m in diameter, were measured with a three-dimensional ultrasonic anemometer/thermometer at Research Station of Changbai Mountain Forest Ecosystems Jilin Province, China in May 2004, for improving the field application of OTP. Results showed that because of the physical limitation, turbulence within OTC exhibited unique map compared with that of natural environments. There were clear daily pat- terns for most parameters. Turbulence here seemed to be isotropic and closely linked at all directions. Shape of eddies looked like a ＇cylinder＇ which was very similar to the shape of OTC. Continuous airflow was always interpreted by large scale eddies from top of OTC and showed high interactive intermittence at all directions.     

昆明历史洪涝灾害时间序列分形特征研究

根据昆明1312～1911年的洪涝灾害史料,构建了洪涝灾害发生时间序列,并用Samalley法计算了昆明历史洪涝灾害时间序列的分维值。结果表明:昆明地区历史洪涝灾害的发生存在分形特征,分维值为0.689 6,洪涝灾害的发生有一定自组织程度,但自组织程度还不高。洪涝灾害的发生从初期的混沌状态发展到后期的具有较高程度的自组织状态,洪涝灾害发生的可能性大大提高。     

Supervised classification of bruised apples with respect to the time after bruising on the basis of hyperspectral imaging data

Apple bruising, as a mechanical damage, occurs due to impact, compression, vibration or abrasion during handling. However, the symptoms of this damage, browning and softening of the tissue, appear not immediately but after a certain period of time after bruising. For sorting and grading systems, the information about how long the bruise exists in affected fruit can be valuable. VNIR (visible and near-infrared) and SWIR (short wavelength infrared) spectral characteristics of sound and bruised apple tissues were analyzed during a two week period after bruising. Supervised classification methods, including support vector machines, linear logistic regression, neural networks and decision trees, were used and compared to check their effectiveness for distinguishing time after bruising with respect to five varieties of apples. The detection system included hyperspectral cameras equipped with sensors working in the visible and near-infrared (400–1000 nm) and short wavelength infrared (1000–2500 nm) ranges. The results of supervised classification revealed good applicability of hyperspectral imaging in VNIR and SWIR spectral ranges for detecting the number of days after bruising. The linear logistic regression neural networks models were found to be the best classifiers in the majority of models developed. Prediction accuracies higher than 90% were obtained for classification models on spectral data pretreated with the second derivative.     

基于时间序列的大型灌区日退水量预测模型研究

采用时序图和自相关图相结合的方法,对大型灌区的日退水量时间序列进行了分析,建立了灌区日退水量时间序列ARIMA模型,并以宁夏青铜峡灌区为例进行了实证研究,取得了较为精确的结果,为灌区退水量的准确预测提供了理论依据。     

烘烤干筋阶段恒定温度及持续时间对烤烟香吃味的影响

试验采用二因素回归最优设计,研究了贵烟4号烘烤干筋恒定温度及持续时间对烤后烟叶香吃味评分及石油醚提取物含量的影响。结果表明:在干筋阶段当温度稳定在50℃-60℃持续时间5-20h时,烟叶香吃味评分和石油醚提取物含量表现出先增后降的抛物线曲线,最佳香吃味得分出现在温度54.3℃-57.0℃,持续时间为12.5-15.5h:最高石油醚提取物含量出现在温度54.3℃-56.3℃、持续时间5-12.5h时,二者具有较好的相关性。     

Effect of historic landscape change on the genetic structure of the bush-cricket Metrioptera roeseli

This study investigates the impact of past and present landscape structure on the current genetic structure of the bush-cricket Metrioptera roeseli (Orthoptera, Tettigoniidae) in a rural landscape in Germany. Assuming that land-use types, such as grassland, arable land and forest, as well as linear structures, mainly roads, differentially affect the connectivity of the bush-cricket's habitat and therefore migration and gene flow, we correlated landscape parameters between sampling locations as derived from GIS-maps with genetic similarities between individual bush-crickets as estimated by RAPD-PCR. Fifty bush-crickets were sampled with distances between sampling locations varying between 15 m and 2 km. Corresponding landscape configurations were recorded in 8 years between 1945 and 1998. Landscape configuration 50 years ago appeared to have influenced the present genetic structure of the bush-cricket (R ² = 0.18). Crossing roads and land use other than grassland along the transect between sampling locations tended to decrease genetic similarity, whereas grassland and parallel roads tended to increase genetic similarity between bush-crickets. Following shifts in land use during 1953–1973 the correlation between landscape and present genetic structure decreased gradually. Our study suggests that it needs time for the landscape to build a visible effect on the genetic structure of the bush-cricket population, and that this effect cannot be detected if the landscape changes faster than the genetic structure responds to it.     

大平顶枣采后生理特性研究

研究了不同成熟度大平顶枣采后在20、4.5、1.5、0、-1.5℃条件下呼吸强度、品质、脆枣率等变化情况。枣果分别于9月14日和24日两批采摘。结果表明:大平顶枣属非跃变型果实,全红果呼吸强度显著高于半红和初红果。在4.5～-1.5℃的范围内,以1.5℃为界,温度越低,贮藏后期果实维生素C含量和脆果率越低,果皮叶绿素含量下降越快,贮藏30、39d,1.5℃贮藏效果最好,4.5℃适宜10d左右短期贮藏,大平顶枣不适宜在0℃以下贮藏。反映枣果贮藏效果的主要指标是枣果维生素C含量和脆枣率,贮藏过程中鲜枣维生素C含量与脆果率之间呈极显著正相关,脆果率与货架期呼吸强度间呈极显著正相关。     

时空相关车辆道路的高效数值仿真

在阐述功率谱密度时域等效的道路模拟方法的原理、构造及单轮辙道路时序重构应用的基础上,结合车辆道路双轮辙时空相关特性,提出了双轮辙两相关随机过程的虚拟线性系统连接方法,建立了符合道路相干函数规律的传递关系,模拟再现了时空相关的双轮辙道路激励输入的时程样本,使得模型中同时包含了道路自功率谱和互功率谱的统计信息。仿真试验表明该方法具有高的保真性,适用于任意指定谱特征的随机道路模拟。     

不同种植方式对鲜食蚕豆产量及生长的影响

为了研究不同种植方式对鲜食蚕豆产量及生长的影响,笔者通过小区试验研究了垄作、平作、垄作覆盖地膜、垄作覆盖地膜和稻草、平作覆盖地膜、平作覆盖地膜和稻草对蚕豆产量及生长的影响。结果表明：垄作、垄作覆盖地膜、垄作覆盖地膜和稻草提高了土壤温湿度;垄作、垄作覆盖地膜、垄作覆盖地膜和稻草增加了鲜食蚕豆干物质积累;垄作、垄作覆盖地膜、垄作覆盖地膜和稻草都能提高鲜食蚕豆产量。垄作、垄作覆盖地膜能提高鲜食蚕豆产量,研究结果可为鲜食蚕豆高产栽培提供依据。