氨基酸螯合盐对罗非鱼促生长作用的研究

本文报道了氨基酸螫合盐与无机盐添加剂在罗非鱼饲养中的对比试验结果，以及在螯合盐中添加稀土对罗非鱼生长的影响，测定了各组试验鱼的耗氧率以及肌肉中蛋白质、脂肪和水分的含量，结果表明，添加螯合盐的四个试验组鱼的增重效果均优于添加无机盐的对照组，四个试验组分别比对照组多增重７５．７％、８６．５％、１０８．５％．８９．０％，饵料系数下降率分别为２９．２％．３３．４％，４２．５％，３３．７％。ｔ检验表明，四个试验组与对照组差异显著。     

Ontogeny of protease, amylase and lipase in the alimentary tract of hybrid Juvenile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus × Oreochromis aureus)

Juvenile tilapias (Oreochromis niloticus × O. aureus), with average body weights of groups I, II and III of 55.14, 122.82, and 225.68 g respectively were used to study changes in the activity of protease, amylase, and lipase in different organs and sections of the alimentary tract. Additionally, tract containing digesta, which is closer to physiological conditions, may help reveal the mechanisms of whole chemical digestion process. Another group of tilapias (mean body weight of 111.81 ± 0.14 g) was used to analyze changes in activity of protease, lipase, and amylase in response to varying pH and temperatures. The activity of enzymes in all digestive organs increased when body weight increased from 55 to 122 g, and the activity further increased when the weights increased from 122 to 225 g. The rates of increase in digestive enzyme activity were significantly greater than the rates of growth of the fish. When the activity was compared in different sections of the tract, a similar regularity was found for the three enzymes in all fish. The highest amounts of activity were seen in the foregut and the lowest in the rectum, with the middle amount of activity in the hindgut. The pH ranges for the maximum activity of tilapia protease in the stomach and intestine were 1.6–3.3 and 9.5–10.5 respectively and the optimal temperature in these organs was 55°C. The pH ranges for the maximum amylase activity in the intestine and hepatopancreas were 6–7 and 7.5 respectively, and high amylase activity in these organs was found at 25–35°C. The activity of lipase in the intestine remained unchanged at pH 6.0–9.0 and with temperatures between 25 and 35°C. These results suggest that the ability of tilapia to utilize feed varies at different growth stages and remains relatively stable with changes in environmental pH and temperature, which should be taken into account when designing feed formulas for tilapia.     

尼罗罗非鱼和以色列红罗非鱼耐盐驯化初步报告

在实验条件下，对尼罗罗非鱼和以色列红罗非鱼进行了耐盐驯化实验。经过6d的驯化(盐度10时2d、18时2d、28时2d)，尼罗罗非鱼和以色列红罗非鱼的耐盐致死指标均显著高于未驯化对照组。在海水(盐度28)和淡水(盐度0)中的生长对比实验表明：尼罗罗非鱼在淡水中的瞬时增重率和绝对增重率都显著地高于海水组，而以色列红罗非鱼在海水中的瞬时增重率和绝对增重率均显著地高于淡水组。实验表明，经过从低盐度到高盐度的梯度驯化，尼罗罗非鱼和以色列红罗非鱼均可适应一定盐度的咸水，以色列红罗非鱼在海水中的养殖性能较佳。     

草鱼、鲤、鲢、鳙和尼罗非鲫脂肪酶活性的比较研究

草鱼和鲤肝胰脏脂肪酶活性明显比肠道的高(P<0.025);鲢和鳙肝胰脏脂肪酶活性明显低于肠道的(P<0.025);尼罗非鲫肝胰脏和肠的脂肪酶活性几乎相等(P>0.05),而胃脂肪酶活性明显比肝胰脏和肠道的低(P<0.005)。五种鱼的肝胰脏脂肪酶活性由高到低的顺序为:草鱼>尼罗非鲫>鲤>鳙>鲢;肠脂肪酶活性由高到低的顺序为:鲢>鳙>尼罗非鲫>草鱼>鲤。结果表明:鱼类的食性与脂肪酶活性无明显相关。草鱼、鲢和鳙的肠脂肪酶活性,中肠略高于前肠和后肠;尼罗非鲫和鲤的肠脂肪酶活性由前往后逐渐下降。     

布氏罗非鱼肌肉营养成分分析与评价

为科学评价布氏罗非鱼(Tilapia buttikoferi)的营养价值,采用常规方法检测布氏罗非鱼肌肉的营养成分,并与同科经济鱼类和常见的优质淡水鱼类进行比较。结果表明:布氏罗非鱼肌肉中的水分、粗蛋白质、粗脂肪和粗灰分分别为80.43%、18.63%、0.50%和1.28%;在肌肉(干样)中共测得16种氨基酸,总含量为干质量的82.03%,其中包含7种人体必需氨基酸(EAA),占氨基酸总量(TAA)的40.70%;必需氨基酸指数(EAAI)为73.43%,符合FAO/WHO所规定的人体必需氨基酸的均衡模式;限制性氨基酸为Met+Cys和Val;特征性鲜味氨基酸(FAA)含量为32.13%;不饱和脂肪酸共10种,总量为65.09%,其中油酸和亚油酸分别为28.18%和17.09%,并且含有丰富的DHA和鱼油中相对缺乏的DPA,含量分别为3.32%和2.78%。综合分析,布氏罗非鱼营养丰富,具有优良的食用价值。     

罗非鱼链球菌的分离鉴定

从济南、泰安、枣庄、德州等地的几个罗非鱼养殖场发病的罗非鱼中，分离到一株G^ 链球菌。将该菌人工感染罗非鱼，证实为致病菌。对该菌的形态特征、培养特性、生化特性、致病特性、对药物的敏感性等进行了试验，证明核菌为S.iniae。     

HACCP在罗非鱼鱼鳞胶原蛋白多肽生产中的应用

[目的]将HACCP体系应用于罗非鱼鱼鳞胶原蛋白多肽的生产过程中,确保工业生产罗非鱼鱼鳞胶原蛋白多肽的安全性。[方法]阐述了胶原蛋白多肽的生产工艺流程,分析了各环节的潜在危害,并设定了关键限值、监控频率与措施、纠偏措施、档案记录和验证程序来监控关键点。[结果]确定原料验收、酶解提取、浓缩、喷雾干燥、磁选和内包装为关键控制点,并制定了HACCP计划表,从而在罗非鱼鱼鳞胶原蛋白生产中建立了质量安全控制体系。[结论]HACCP体系的实施降低了罗非鱼鱼鳞胶原蛋白生产中的危险因素,保障了胶原蛋白多肽的品质和食用安全。     

氨氮与亚硝酸盐对吉富罗非鱼肠道菌群的影响

氨氮和亚硝酸盐是蛋白质的代谢副产物,水体中高浓度的氨氮和亚硝酸盐会显著抑制罗非鱼的免疫力。肠道微生物与鱼类的免疫息息相关,然而氨氮和亚硝酸盐是否影响罗非鱼的肠道微生物仍不清楚。本研究采用基于16S rDNA基因序列的高通量测序,研究了氨氮和亚硝酸盐对吉富罗非鱼肠道菌群的影响。结果表明,罗非鱼肠道微生物群落主要以变形菌门和放线菌门为主。氨氮和亚硝酸盐不改变罗非鱼肠道菌群的alpha多样性,但显著改变物种组成,其中Aurantimicrobium菌属在两种处理下比例显著降低。原核类群功能注释(FAPROTAX)分析表明,氨氮和亚硝酸盐胁迫导致的差异ASVs主要涉及化能异养、好氧化能异养、硝酸盐还原、脂肪族非甲烷烃降解、芳香烃降解和芳香族化合物降解。本研究通过了解氨氮和亚硝酸盐对罗非鱼肠道微生物的影响,为研究肠道微生物对罗非鱼免疫的影响奠定基础。     

尼罗罗非鱼对嗜水气单胞菌的免疫反应

将嗜水气单胞菌用福尔马林灭活后,接种尼罗罗非鱼,测定其血清凝集抗体效价及攻毒后的免疫保护力。结果表明,灭活菌苗对尼罗罗非鱼有较强的免疫原性,免疫鱼具有很强的免疫保护力。小个体鱼的浸浴接种效果强于大个体。     

Enhancing Growth of Common Carp, Rohu and Mozambique Tilapia through Plant Substrate: The Role of Bacterial Biofilm

Experiments were conducted to enhance the growth of common carp (Cyprinus carpio), rohu (Labeo rohita) and Mozambique tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) through use of sugarcane bagasse as substrate. Bagasse was suspended in water with or without supplementation with fertilizers. Bagasse supplemented with cattle dung and urea favoured higher zooplankton production and significantly (p < 0.05) increased fish growth by over 50% compared to bagasse or fertilizers on their own. This higher production of fish is attributed to bacterial biofilm promoted on the substrate which, apart from forming food for zooplankton and fish, contributed to improved water quality by lowering ammonia.