Suppression effect of LHRH-A and hCG on Piwi expression in testis of Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus

Piwi proteins as constituent factors of the piRNA pathway are required for germline maintenance,meiosisand gonad development.Previous study showed hCG could regulate the Piwi expression in ovary of teleosts.In this study,we revealed effects of LHRH-A and hCG on Piwi expression in testis of tilapia usingReal-time PCR and Western blot.Both in vivo and in vitro study suggest that LHRH-A and hCG significantlydown-regulated Piwil-1 and Piwil-2 in mRNA or protein levels compared with controls.Meanwhile,tissueand cell distribution showed that Piwi proteins were mainly expressed in spermatocytes rather thanmature sperms.These results indicated thatHPG suppressesPiwiswhich mayplayacrucialrolein testisdifferentiation and development.     

First identification and characterization of Streptococcus iniae obtained from tilapia (Oreochromis aureus) farmed in Mexico

This is the first study to isolate, identify and characterize Streptococcus iniae as the causative disease agent in two tilapia (Oreochromis aureus) populations. The populations were geographically isolated, of distinct origins, and did not share water sources. Affected fish showed various external (e.g., exophthalmia and cachexia, among others) and internal (e.g., granulomatous septicaemia and interstitial nephritis, among others) signs. All internal organ samples produced pure cultures, two of which (one from each farm, termed S‐1 and S‐2) were subjected to biochemical, PCR and 16S rRNA sequencing (99.5% similarity) analyses, confirming S. iniae identification. The two isolates presented genetic homogeneity regardless of technique (i.e., RAPD, REP‐PCR and ERIC‐PCR analyses). Pathogenic potentials were assessed through intraperitoneal injection challenges in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and zebrafish (Danio rerio). Rainbow trout mortalities were respectively 40% and 70% at 10⁴ and 10⁶ CFU per fish with the S‐1 isolate, while 100% mortality rates were recorded in zebrafish at 10² and 10⁴ CFU per fish with the S‐2 isolate. The obtained data clearly indicate a relationship between intensified aquaculture activities in Mexico and new disease appearances. Future studies should establish clinical significances for the tilapia industry.     

春夏季养殖罗非鱼体内食源性致病菌分析

[目的]为罗非鱼食源性致病菌的预警和防治提供理论基础。[方法]以2008年2～7月广东省不同区域罗非鱼养殖场为调查对象,定期采样分析罗非鱼体内及养殖环境中食源性致病菌的分布情况。[结果]春季罗非鱼养殖环境中共鉴定出8种致病菌,鱼体内共鉴定出6种致病菌;夏季罗非鱼养殖环境中共鉴定出13种致病菌,鱼体内共鉴定出12种致病菌;致病性嗜水气单胞菌、致泻大肠埃希菌、霍乱弧菌是养殖罗非鱼体内的主要食源性致病菌;夏季食源性致病菌的种类与数量多于春季。[结论]罗非鱼食源性致病菌的分布与养殖区域、水温及溶氧量等具有密切关系。     

海南粗榧内生真菌对罗非鱼无乳链球菌抑菌活性研究

利用活菌菌饼法和滤纸片法研究筛选64株海南粗榧内生真菌对罗非鱼源无乳链球菌的抑菌活性,并对活性菌株的代谢产物化学成分进行初步测试。菌饼试验结果显示,11株海南粗榧内生真菌对无乳链球菌具有明显抑制作用,占总菌株数的17.2％,抑菌圈在Φ(8.7±0.3～16.2±0.2)mm间。滤纸片试验结果显示,12株具有明显抑制作用,占总菌数的18.8％,抑菌圈在Φ（8.7±0.3～28.2±0.4）mm间。2种方法的最高活性菌株不一致,但最高活性菌株（B30、F52）和同时显示较高活性的菌株（B14、B30、B32、F7、F52）被测出都含有甾体及三萜类化合物。根据结果推测,对无乳链球菌有显著抑制作用的菌株可能含有甾体及三萜类物质。结果为深入研究内生真菌对罗非鱼无乳链球菌的抑制奠定基础,也为生物防治罗非鱼病害提供有益借鉴。     

基于层次分析法的我国罗非鱼养殖风险研究

罗非鱼养殖过程中面临很多风险,为了量化罗非鱼养殖风险的影响因素,评估养殖风险等级,以主产区罗非鱼养殖为例,分别从自然、市场、操作和政策四个方面,运用层次分析法和德尔菲专家调查法,建立风险评价指标体系,对各风险因素的影响程度打分,对两两因素相对重要性给出定量表示,整理并分析获得的数据资料。结果表明:我国罗非鱼养殖风险等级为B级,养殖风险很高,其中市场风险和自然风险是影响罗非鱼产业风险的重要因素,其次是政策风险,操作风险的影响程度最小。自然风险中以极端天气的影响程度最大,市场风险中受出口订单量的影响程度最大,操作风险中病害防控能力影响程度较大,政策风险中地方发展规划会极大地影响罗非鱼产业的可持续发展。     

我国罗非鱼出口欧盟市场的特征、障碍分析及对策

综述了我国罗非鱼出口欧盟市场的特征,分析了制约我国罗非鱼出口欧盟市场的主要因素,并提出了拓展我国罗非鱼出口欧盟市场的对策,以期为我国罗非鱼产业的发展及进出口贸易提供参考。     

罗非鱼声控投饵方法

鱼类的摄食活力可以用摄食过程发出的声音直接测量。本研究通过构建声学监测平台,应用带宽1 Hz-470 kHz,在40 kHz以下自由场电压灵敏度级-217 dB(基准值为1 V/μPa)的水声检测设备,采集罗非鱼摄食过程中产生的声信号,分析其摄食活力。研究表明,罗非鱼摄食时发出的声音在0-6 kHz可区分于背景噪声,其声功率与摄食活力呈正相关。声功率移动平均值反应鱼摄食活力趋势,可作为食欲反馈,结合生长模型和投喂模型可以组成投饵策略。     

饲料中添加甜菜碱对尼罗罗非鱼生长_肌肉组成和消化率的影响

甜菜碱是甜菜加工副产品中提取的甘氨酸甲基内酯,甜菜碱以前仅限于作为动物营养的甲基供体,参与氨基酸的合成和协同作用。作为人类医学上的恢复胃酸的药物及肝脏保护性治疗剂等［朱仲贤１９７９］,参与氨基酸的合成和协同作用。甜菜碱作为鱼类的饲料添加剂的主要作用是...     

低分子壳聚糖对罗非鱼肝组织抗氧化能力和肝脂含量影响的研究

采用单因子浓度梯度法,研究低分子壳聚糖(SMW-chitosan )对尼罗罗非鱼(Tilapia niloticn)肝组织抗氧化能力和肝脂含量的影响实验发现．0．25％低分子壳聚糖能显著提高罗非鱼肝组织抗超氧阴离f自由基和超氧化物岐化酶(SOD)浓度。适宜剂量的低分子壳聚精可降低罗非鱼的肝脂含量．其中O．50％低分子壳聚糖的降肝脂效果最为显著。实验表明,适宜剂量的壳聚糖可有效地提高罗非鱼的肝组织抗氧化能力．降低肝脏的脂肪含量。     

水产品中噁喹酸残留量的检测技术研究

采用高效液相色谱荧光检测器研究了牙鲆、罗非鱼和对虾肌肉组织中噁喹酸残留的检测技术。样品前处理方法为：以无水乙酸乙酯作为提取液,样品经均质、离心后,将提取液旋转蒸发浓缩,用流动相溶解定容,正己烷除去脂肪。高效液相色谱条件为：色谱柱采用反相C18柱,荧光检测器激发波长为325nm,发射波长为369nm,流动相为0．02mol／L磷酸＋乙腈＋四氢呋喃（69：16：15）,流速为0．8ml／min。噁喹酸标准曲线线性范围在10～200ng／ml。不同浓度水平下,噁喹酸的回收率为79％～93％,变异系数小于10％,检测限为10μg／kg。