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11.
S. L. Hsieh H. T. Chang C. H. Wu C. M. Kuo 《Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》2004,230(1-4):527-546
The stearoyl-CoA desaturase cDNA in tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) was cloned by RT-PCR and RACE, and it was compared with those in grass carp, common carp and milkfish. Nucleotide sequence analysis revealed that the full length of cDNA (1172 bp) clone encompasses 1008 bp open reading frame (ORF) encoding 336 amino acid residues. The deduced amino acid sequence shares 78–82% identity with the teleosts and 64–66% with mammals compared, and like these fish, the cloned tilapia stearoyl-CoA desaturase amino acid sequence conserves three histidine cluster motifs (one HXXXXH and two HXXHH), which functioned as non-heme iron binding sites, essential for stearoyl-CoA desaturase activity. RT-PCR and Northern blot analysis reveal that tilapia stearoyl-CoA desaturase is expressed only in liver, but the stearoyl-CoA desaturase expression in multiple tissues was observed in milkfish, grass carp and carp. Further, the hormonal regulation of stearoyl-CoA desaturase gene expression was investigated by a single injection of 17β-estradiol and testosterone. The results showed that the administration of 17β-estradiol to tilapia led to a greater increase in desaturase activity than testosterone, and higher doses of steroids produced greater increases in enzyme activity. The comparative RT-PCR analysis showed that the stearoyl-CoA desaturase mRNA level increased significantly in 17β-estradiol treated animals, especially in the groups receiving a single injection of 50 mg 17β-estradiol. This was reflected in the decrease in the saturated fatty acids and the increase in the monounsaturated fatty acids. The proportion of the polyunsaturated fatty acids was not affected. 相似文献
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The bacterial flora occurring in brackish pond water, sediment, gills and intestine of healthy tilapia cultured in Saudi Arabia were estimated both quantitatively and qualitatively, and the isolates were identified to genus or species level. Total viable count of bacteria ranged from 1.4±1.5×103 to 8.6±2.7×103 cfu ml−1; 1.2±3.1×106 to 7.3±1.1×107 cfu g−1; 8.7±1.9×105 to 2.1±0.9×106 cfu g−1; and 2.8±2.4×107 to 1.0±1.6×108 cfu g−1 in the pond water, sediment, gills and intestine of brackish water tilapia, respectively. In total, 19 bacterial species were identified. The bacteria were predominantly Gram-negative rods (87%). Pond water and sediment bacteria influenced the bacterial composition of gills and intestine of tilapia. In contrast to gill bacteria, more diversification was observed in intestinal bacteria. The predominant (prevalence >10%) bacterial species were Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Vibrio carchariae, Vibrio alginolyticus, Chryseomonas sp., Vibrio vulnificus, and Streptococcus sp. in all the populations with the exception of the sediment population where Streptococcus sp. was replaced by Shewanella putrefaciens. Vibrio spp. (58% of the total isolates) dominated the total bacterial population. 相似文献
14.
氧化油脂对奥尼罗非鱼生长和抗氧化性能的影响 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
通过饲喂不同过氧化值油脂的饲料,研究奥尼罗非鱼(Oreochromisniloticus×O·aureus)的生长性能、肝胰腺抗氧化能力与氧化油脂的关系。试验结果表明:添加氧化油脂导致罗非鱼的增重率和饲料转化率显著下降(P<0·05),肝体比显著增加,但肝脂率、肌脂率的变化不明显(P>0·05);相对于过氧化值较低的饲料,饲料过氧化值(POV)为73·44mmol/kg时,肝胰腺中还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活力明显增高(P<0·05);氧化油脂对肝胰腺中丙二醛(MDA)含量无明显影响(P>0·05)。 相似文献
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恩诺沙星及其代谢产物在吉富罗非鱼、中国对虾体内的残留规律研究 总被引:20,自引:1,他引:20
模拟水产养殖实际,每天以剂量为50μg/g(鱼体重)的恩诺沙星分别给吉富罗非鱼、中国对虾投喂药饵,周期为7d,研究恩诺沙星在罗非鱼和对虾体内的残留与代谢规律,制定停药期。实验结果发现,恩诺沙星在鱼、虾体内均代谢为环丙沙星。在停药的"零"时,鱼肌肉、肝脏和血液中恩诺沙星的含量分别为(3 61±1 02)μg/g、(5 96±2 12)μg/g、(1 25±0 23)μg/mL,消除半衰期分别为15 61,16 83,17 19h。鱼肌肉中代谢物环丙沙星的最高含量为(0 22±0 06)μg/g,消除半衰期67 3h;中国对虾体内恩诺沙星与环丙沙星的最高含量分别为(1 68±0 41)μg/g、(0 066±0 03)μg/g,消除半衰期分别为27 9,33 6h。在本实验条件下,建议罗非鱼的停药期为22d,中国对虾为12d。 相似文献
17.
耕水机在罗非鱼精养池塘的应用效果分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
选择两组罗非鱼(Tilapia)精养池塘作为研究对象,通过设置实验塘和对照塘的方法,研究耕水机的使用对精养池塘水质变化情况和养殖效果的影响.结果表明:与对照池塘相比,实验池塘的水质稳定,池水化学耗氧量的平均值降低了1.56 mg/L,总悬浮物的平均含量下降了24.3028 mg/L,总氨氮的平均浓度下降了0.2418 ... 相似文献
18.
Bottom soil samples were collected from 35 ponds in the vicinity of Samutprakarn, Thailand. Ponds ranged in age from 3 to 39 years and had been used continuously for production of tilapia. Liming materials had been applied in large amounts, and bottom soils of all ponds had pH above 7, low exchange acidity, and free carbonate. Pond soils often contained between 1% and 2% total sulphur, suggesting that they were potential acid–sulphate soils. However, acidity from sulphide oxidation was not expressed because carbonate in the soil neutralized it. Concentrations of total carbon seldom exceeded 4% and the average for organic carbon was 1.90%. The correlations between pond age and both total carbon and organic carbon concentration were weak (r=0.34 and 0.36 respectively). Concentrations of nitrogen in bottom soils did not differ with pond age and ranged from 0.1% to 0.3% with an average of 0.19%. The average ratio of concentrations of carbon and nitrogen was 11. Acid‐extractable phosphorus concentrations averaged 217 mg kg?1, but the phosphorus adsorption capacity averaged 768 mg kg?1 suggesting that soils still have considerable reserve capacity to adsorb phosphorus. Ponds can be used annually for semi‐intensive production of tilapia, and presumably other species, for many years without serious deterioration of bottom soil quality. 相似文献
19.
我国尼罗罗非鱼和奥利亚罗非鱼养殖群体的遗传渐渗 总被引:19,自引:5,他引:19
用LKB平板电泳仪,4.4%聚丙烯酰胺凝胶对南京罗非鱼良种场尼罗罗非鱼,奥利亚罗非鱼养殖群体肌,肝,脑,心,眼中的10种同工酶进行电泳分析的结果表明,奥利亚罗非鱼的群体未见的多态位点,平均杂合度为0,是超“纯”的养殖群体,尼罗罗非鱼群体中有20%的尼奥杂交鱼,其体形酷似尼罗,难以肉眼鉴别,由此可见,我国尼罗罗非鱼养殖群体中已存在遗传渐渗问题,须注意防杂和提纯。在剔除了杂交鱼后,该场尼罗罗非鱼群体的 相似文献
20.
An 8‐week feeding experiment was conducted to determine the effect of dietary betaine levels on the growth performance and hepatic intermediary metabolism of genetically improved farmed tilapia (GIFT) strain of Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus (mean initial body weight: 78.3 ± 1.3 g, means ± SD). Six practical diets were formulated with the incorporation of betaine at the levels of 0 (control), 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 g kg−1. Survival showed no significant differences among the treatments (P > 0.05). The highest and lowest weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) were observed for fish fed the diets containing 5 and 0 g kg−1 (control) betaine, respectively. Feed intake showed similar trend with WG and SGR. In contrast, feed conversion ratio was the lowest when dietary betaine level was 5 g kg−1. In general, dietary betaine supplementation showed no significant effect on hepatic composition of tilapia. Condition factor and viscerosomatic index tended to increase with increasing dietary betaine levels from 0 to 5 g kg−1 and then decline when dietary betaine levels further increased from 5 to 25 g kg−1. In contrast, hepatosomatic index declined with increasing dietary betaine levels (P < 0.05). Dietary betaine levels significantly influenced several hepatic enzymatic activities, including succinate dehydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenase, malic dehydrogenase, lipoprotein lipase and hepatic lipase, suggesting that dietary betaine addition had significant effects on nutrient metabolism in the liver. Based on the second‐order polynomial regression analysis of WG, 12.5 g kg−1 of dietary betaine level seemed optimal for genetically improved farmed tilapia strain of O. niloticus. 相似文献