内蒙古寒冷干旱地区苜蓿栽培技术模式

苜蓿是内蒙古寒冷干旱地区重要的牧草之一,在近几年的农业结构调整和生态治理中,得到了快速发展,但缺乏规范的苜蓿种植管理技术。本文阐述的苜蓿栽培技术模式,是在林西县多年苜蓿生产实践基础上产生的,而后又在生产实践中不断改进完善后形成的。该技术模式着重介绍了在内蒙古寒冷干旱地区建植苜蓿人工草地时需着重考虑的四个方面,即苜蓿品种的选择原则、播种要点、田间管理及收获技术。     

甘南牧区草畜供求动态变化与调控——以阿孜畜牧试验场为例

甘南牧区不仅是我国重要的畜牧业生产基地,而且是黄河上游的重要水源涵养地.过牧超载导致天然草地退化,严重影响牧区的可持续发展.以甘南州玛曲县的阿孜畜牧试验场为例,分析了2008和2009年天然草地的可食牧草产量、放牧家畜承载量等方面的动态变化.研究结果表明,2009年阿孜畜牧试验场产草量有所增加,月均产草量较2008年提...     

Survey and Analysis of Common Diseases of Laboratory Monkeys in Kunming Area

Survey and analysis of common diseases of laboratory monkeys are great significance to understand disease epidemiology, and formulate a set of scientific and reasonable measures for prevention and control disease, to improve the quantity and quality of laboratory monkeys, to ensure the accuracy of the animal experiment results. Through the investigation of the sick and dead animals of a large-scale laboratory monkeys breeding facility in Kunming area in 2014, the animals were classified depends on the main diseases, and the diseases were classified according to adult and juvenile animals, data were analyzed by Excel Office 2010 software. The results showed the common diseases of laboratory monkeys included the digestive system, respiratory system, trauma, reproductive system, and locomotor system disease, which were 47.45%, 13.06%, 12.10%, 11.46% and 8.92% separately; Common diseases included diarrhoea, soft tissue injuries, abortion, lobar pneumonia, dysentery, arthritis, intestinal pneumatosis, chronic colitis, and extreme bad nutrition, the ratio were 18.47%, 11.15%, 8.91%, 8.28%, 8.28%, 7.96%, 5.10%, 5.10% and 5.09% separately. Comprehensive analysis of common diseases and disease occurrence causes of the laboratory monkeys, suggesting that providing better quality laboratory monkeys for scientific research only by constantly improving the scientific breeding management level, constantly strengthening veterinary capacity, mastering the theoretical knowledge and scientific diagnosis method.     

我国西部地区肉牛产业化发展的思路与对策

分析了西部地区肉牛产业化发展的限制因素,提出了加速我国西部地区肉牛产业化发展的对策与思路,推行品种良种化、技术先进化、管理企业化的生产模式,促进肉牛生产向优质、高产、高效和持续性的产业化方向发展。     

高寒牧区碱茅＋杂花苜蓿混播试验初报

为选择适合在高海拔，寒冷地区推广的多年生混播牧草品种，采用近年培育出的甘农１号杂花苜蓿与碱茅，在肃南县进行了混播试验，结果表明，高寒地区碱茅与甘农１号杂花苜蓿混播有较强的抗寒性和越冬能力，碱茅与苜蓿以７：４比例混播，可获得最佳产草量和牧草品质。     

高山草原放牧率与群落物种丰富度

选择甘肃省肃南裕固族自治县甘肃马鹿(Cervus elaphus kansuensis)养殖场冬季牧场不同牧压梯度的6个样地,采用巢式样方法调查草地植物群落的物种数,研究了甘肃马鹿山地草原放牧系统放牧率与草地群落物种丰富度的关系。结果表明,放牧强度梯度上,冬季牧场物种数随取样面积的增大而逐渐增加,放牧减轻导致物种增幅上升,放牧对物种丰富度的贡献率提高。高山草原的最小取样面积为0.71～1.54 m2,各放牧率样地物种数的变化分别在0.16～0.32和0.32～0.64 m2范围内最剧烈。物种数随放牧增强呈下降趋势,在放牧率2.45 AUM·hm-2出现拐点,拐点两侧放牧对物种多样性具有不同的作用规律,2.45 AUM·hm-2为高山草原适宜的放牧率。在牧场尺度上,当面积超过2.56 m2,改善放牧管理对物种丰富度的增加没有作用。     

奶牛乳房炎对主要牛奶成分的影响

通过选择年龄、胎次、产奶量、泌乳期等指标相近的健康奶牛4头,临床型乳房炎自然发病病例4头,连续7d分别抽取4头乳房炎患牛正常乳区、患病乳区及4头健康奶牛的牛奶进行测定,测定乳房炎病牛治疗过程中的乳蛋白、乳脂、密度、非脂乳固体、乳干物质、乳糖等成分含量,并对这些测定数据进行相关性差异分析。结果显示,同一头患牛的患病乳区的各乳成分含量极显著高于正常乳区;乳房炎患牛正常乳区组、异常乳区组与健康奶牛组的乳成分含量均存在显著性差异(P<0.05)或极显著差异(P<0.01),健康奶牛的乳脂含量极显著高于乳房炎患牛正常和异常乳区组;乳房炎患牛的正常、异常乳区组与健康奶牛组的牛奶成分含量均值图存在明显变化趋势,健康牛组的牛奶成分在一周内保持稳定,而乳房炎患牛的正常与异常乳区在一周内都存在曲折上升和不断上升的过程。乳房炎患牛正常乳区各成分含量显著低于异常乳区。乳房炎患牛的乳蛋白、非脂乳固体、乳糖含量高于健康牛,乳脂低于健康牛,乳干物质则与健康牛保持相对平衡。     

4个燕麦品种在黄河滩区生产性能和农艺性状的研究

在河南省黄河滩区土壤和气候条件下,燕麦播种量为225 kg/hm²时,通过对比试验,分别测定五寨、林纳、坝莜3号和加燕4个燕麦品种在不同生长期茎叶比、鲜干比、株高、干草产量等指标,研究不同燕麦品种生产性能和农艺性状的动态变化。结果表明：燕麦4个品种在扬花期茎叶比分别为65.34%、58.18%、70.05%、54.72%,鲜干比分别为3.12、3.17、3.07、3.31;燕麦的生长速度呈现出“低—高—低”的“S”形动态模式,在抽穗—扬花期生长速度最大,盛花期株高达分别到108.58、103.43、100.37、113.42 cm,干草产量分别为549.17、514.74、519.63、531.53 g DM/m²。4个燕麦品种均适合在黄河滩种植和生长,表现出生长快、产量高的特点,其中加燕品种各项性能表现更好。     

青海湖地区线叶嵩草型中度与重度退化草地群落的比较研究

通过对青海湖地区线叶嵩草型中度与重度退化草地群落的比较研究,结果表明,在中度到重度退化进程中,随着退化程度的加重,草地植物群落的盖度、物种数、多样性及均匀度指数均下降,中度与重度退化样地地上植物类群及总植物量季节动态均呈现明显的“单峰”曲线,其峰值同时出现在8月下旬,在植物生长季,主要植物类群地上植物量季节动态具有明显的差异。地上总植物量季节积累动态均可用曲线y=ea bx(生长曲线)很好拟合。中度退化样地的净初级生产力高于重度退化样地,但由于在牧草返青期放牧使中度退化样地禾草类在草群中所占的比例小于重度退化样地。     

Estimation of the total surface area in Indian elephants (Elephas maximus indicus)

Twenty-four adult Indian elephants (Elephas maximus indicus) of both sexes and different ages and weights, belonging to the Temple Devaswoms, the Forest Department of the Government of Kerala and the Gemini Circus formed the experimental subjects from which formulae were derived to predict the total surface area from either body measurements or areas of individual regions. Several models, using the parameters studied either singly or in combination, were tried independently for males and females and also for adults irrespective of sex. The best prediction of total surface area (S) in m² was obtained for adults irrespective of sex by using the two parameters, the height at the shoulders (H) in m and forefoot pad circumference (FFC) in m in the formula S=–8.245+6.807H+7.073FFC. No significant improvement in the accuracy of prediction resulted from the use of the independent best fit formulae for males and females. The conventional method of using the exponential of body weight (kg) for predicting suface area was not found to yield an equivalent accuracy in these animals.