饲粮添加中药渣和发酵中药渣对母猪繁殖性能与子代发育的影响

本试验旨在通过研究微生物发酵中药渣对围产期母猪繁殖性能和子代发育的影响,为中药渣的二次开发利用提供依据。试验选用2~4胎次、预产期相近的妊娠85 d的健康二元母猪60头,随机分为3组,每组20头。3组分别在基础饲粮中添加2 kg/t米糠(对照组)、2 kg/t中药渣制剂(由黄芪、当归、熟地黄和白芍等组成,中药渣组)和2 kg/t发酵中药渣制剂(发酵中药渣组)。从产前21 d开始饲喂,到产后21 d结束。分别于妊娠110 d、产后21 d时测量母猪背膘厚,记录母猪的产仔数、产活仔数、死胎数、木乃伊数和母猪产后发情间隔;记录仔猪初生窝重,7、14和21日龄窝增重,并计算平均日增重;每天观察仔猪腹泻情况,并计算腹泻率。结果表明:与对照组相比,发酵中药渣组仔猪断奶窝增重显著增加(P0.05),中药渣组和发酵中药渣组仔猪1~14日龄、1~21日龄腹泻率显著增加(P0.05);与中药渣组相比,发酵中药渣组仔猪7日龄窝增重显著增加(P0.05),平均日增重呈升高趋势(P=0.053)。由此可见,围产期母猪饲粮添加中药渣制剂虽然造成哺乳仔猪一定程度的腹泻,但可促进其生长发育,添加发酵中药渣制剂效果更好。     

Polymer coated DAP helps in enhancing growth,yield and phosphorus use efficiency of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Low phosphorus use efficiency (PUE) is one of the major reasons of poor wheat production worldwide. Among the various approaches used to enhance PUE, polymer coated fertilizers are relatively a new concept. Keeping this in view, a field study was conducted to evaluate polymer coated di-ammonium phosphate (DAP) to enhance growth, yield and PUE of wheat. Commercial DAP and polymer coated DAP (50%, 75% and 100% of recommended dose) were tested in wheat. Results revealed that application of 50% polymer coated DAP produced the same results or higher than 100% commercial DAP. However, the maximum increase in growth (plant height, root length, number of tillers m^?2, inter-nodal distance), yield (number of grains per spike, 1000 grain weight, grain yield and biological yield) and phosphorus acquisition by wheat was observed with 100% polymer coated DAP. Moreover, 100% polymer coated DAP increased phosphorus recovery and agronomic efficiency compared to other treatments.     

西北地区木材市场现状及前景分析

西北地区木材总量供需矛盾仍然突出,结构性供需矛盾仍然存在,价格稳中看涨,未来木材供求形势将更加严峻。本文介绍了中国木材市场供需和进口现状及发展趋势。解决木材供需缺口不可能长期依赖进口,扩大国内商品材的生产是根本途径。主张通过木材产业发展促进西北地区产业结构调整从而达到林业资源的充分利用。     

低粗蛋白质补充氨基酸日粮对妊娠母猪繁殖性能和蛋白质代谢的影响

选择胎次、预产期、体重相近的妊娠母猪24头,采用单因子试验设计,随机分为3个处理,每个处理设8个重复。对照组饲喂常规饲料,粗蛋白质（CP）水平为14.5%,试验组Ⅰ和Ⅱ为低CP补充氨基酸日粮,其CP水平分别为12.5%和10.5%。各处理氨基酸水平相同。试验期为从配种后20 d左右确定受孕后开始,直到产仔结束。试验结果表明：①与对照组相比,妊娠母猪采食低CP日粮,对其繁殖性能如总产仔数、活仔数、初生重及背膘厚无显著影响（P>0.05）。②对照组血清尿素氮的含量与试验组Ⅰ差异不显著（P>0.05）,而显著高于试验组Ⅱ（P<0.05）。试验组Ⅰ的血清尿素氮的含量与试验组Ⅱ差异显著（P<0.05）。血糖含量随CP水平的降低有下降的趋势,对照组血糖含量与试验组Ⅰ差异不显著（P>0.05）,而与试验组Ⅱ差异显著（P<0.05）;试验组Ⅰ和Ⅱ血糖含量差异不显著（P>0.05）。③饲料CP的表观消化率随着CP的降低有上升的趋势,试验组Ⅰ与对照组相比差异不显著（P>0.05）,而试验组Ⅱ显著高于试验组Ⅰ和对照组（P<0.05）。综上所述,妊娠母猪采食低CP补充氨基酸日粮,对其繁殖性能及背膘厚无显著影响。     

东北商品粮基地县粮食安全情景模拟——以德惠市为例

基于寻求粮食主产区粮食安全理想方案的目标,以德惠市为例,定量刻画了影响粮食生产的关键要素之间以及要素与粮食生产之间的作用关系,构建了粮食生产系统的SD模型.根据最初拟设的4种情景,模拟了单要素变化下粮食生产能力的变动趋势,并结合多个单要素情景模拟结果,提出了更符合实际需求的多要素变化情景(综合情景).根据模型运行结果,提出了保障区域粮食安全的政策建议:(1)保障水资源供给能力;(2)德惠中长期粮食安全目标是保持总量在200万吨左右;(3)水田比例应以不超过35％为宜;(4)城市化年均增长率应以1个百分点为上限.     

Imprecision when using measuring cups to weigh out extruded dry kibbled food

Many pet cats and dogs are fed dry extruded kibbled food by measuring cup, yet the precision and accuracy of this feeding strategy is not known. Over 12 studies, we assessed precision and accuracy of weighing out food portions, of various dry kibbled foods, by measuring cup. Poor precision was noted in all studies, with intra- and inter-subject coefficients of variation ranging from 2 to 13% and 2 to 28% respectively. Variable accuracy was also noted, which ranged from an 18% under-estimate to an 80% over-estimate in portion size. No specific factors were associated with imprecision, but the degree of inaccuracy was negatively associated with portion size (R = -0.67, p = 0.022), and positively associated with the number of subjects participating in the study (R = 0.60, p = 0.048). This is the first study to document imprecision and inaccuracy of using measuring cups to estimate portions of extruded dry kibbled food. Over time, such errors could contribute to insidious weight gain in companion animals, potentially contributing to the development of obesity. Imprecision in measuring food portions could also contribute to failure of weight management programmes for obese animals.     

BPI指数在西杂牛经济类型划分上的应用研究

[目的]进一步提高我区西杂牛的选育水平,为培育河西肉牛新类群提供理论依据。[方法]通过采用BPI指数法,对172头西杂牛的测定分析。[结果]一岁公牛BPI指数平均为6.81±1.24、二岁公牛为7.14±1.38、三岁公牛为5.58±1.47,均达到或超过5.9的肉用型指标;一岁母牛BPI指数平均为4.45±1.07、...     

不同脂肪源对哺乳母猪繁殖性能及养分消化率的影响

试验旨在研究哺乳母猪日粮中添加不同脂肪源对母猪繁殖性能和饲粮养分消化率的影响。选取第3胎次PIC母猪30头,随机分配到3个处理,即对照组、2%大豆油组和2%脂肪粉组,每个处理10个重复。试验从母猪分娩开始,到仔猪21日龄断奶时结束。结果表明:与对照组相比,脂肪粉组第3周平均日增重(ADG)和第3周窝增重分别提高了26.29%(P<0.05)和23.93%(P>0.05),大豆油组分别提高了19.72%(P>0.05)和17.85%(P>0.05)。且脂肪粉组的提高幅度最大。由此可知,饲粮中添加不同脂肪源可提高饲粮养分消化率,改善哺乳仔猪的生产性能,且脂肪粉优于大豆油。     

禽白血病病毒J亚群诱导蛋鸡群多种肿瘤

2009年8月,山东泰安某海兰褐商品蛋鸡场,开产后产蛋率只有60％～70％,31周龄时,死亡率突然增加,最高达20％.患病鸡经大体剖检、病理组织学、PCR和免疫组织化学检测确诊为J亚群禽白血病.病理组织学检测发现送检鸡除了髓细胞瘤外,还存在明显的纤维肉瘤、组织肉瘤、腺癌和血管内皮瘤等肿瘤.纤维肉瘤单独存在,组织肉瘤、腺癌和血管内皮瘤分别和髓细胞瘤混合存在,本文详细描述了各肿瘤的组织学特点.ALV-J从肉种鸡传向商品蛋鸡后引起肿瘤谱扩展的原因和机制值得进一步研究.