Estimation of the carcass composition from a cross-section of the rib-loin from crossbred Japanese Black × Limousin F2 cattle by computer image analysis

The carcass composition of crossbred Japanese Black × Limousin F2 cattle was examined in order to find an accurate carcass composition equation. The test animals included 17 steers and 17 heifers. The 28 image measurements from the area encircling the vertical line to the thoracic vertebra and the line from the thoracic vertebra between the sixth and seventh rib‐bones were measured by computer image analysis. The relationships between the 29 parameters that added the carcass left side weight of the animal and the carcass composition were suggested. The carcass composition included muscle weight, muscle ratio, fat weight and fat ratio. The carcass composition from steers was estimated by an equation composed of these three or four parameters (R² = 90.80%, 79.30%, 90.75% and 73.70%, respectively). The selected parameters were measured without cutting the thoracic vertebra. The carcass composition from heifers was estimated by an equation composed of two to four parameters (R² = 96.15%, 90.98%, 93.60% and 88.22%, respectively). The parameters for the estimation of the muscle and fat weight, and muscle and fat ratio are very similar. Furthermore, the equations using the parameters could estimate the carcass composition from the Japanese Black × Limousin cattle resource population.     

城乡商贸统筹发展中存在的问题及对策探讨

探讨了重庆市在城乡商贸统筹发展进程中存在的认识不到位、乡镇基础设施建设滞后、城乡配套服务及市场管理差异大、城乡商业网点布局不合理、城乡收入差距持续扩大、城乡商贸流通市场体系规划滞后和政策及保障机制不健全等主要问题,并针对这些问题提出了促进城乡商贸统筹发展的对策。     

微卫星标记与商品代固始鸡体型参数和屠体性状的关联性分析

利用最小二乘法拟合线性模型,探索了与鸡体型参数和屠体性状紧密相关的10个微卫星座位与商品代固始鸡体型参数和屠体性状的关系。用变性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳法,分析了这10个微卫星位点在100只商品代固始鸡中的遗传变异,计算了微卫星位点的等位基因频率、杂合度、多态信息含量和有效等位基因数。结果表明,其中8对微卫星引物表现出多态,平均每个座位检测到3.625个等位基因(3~4个),平均多态信息含量为0.520 3,平均杂合度为0.626 0。通过最小二乘分析,检测到MCW0295、MCW0006、MCW0185、ADL0192位点与体型参数中的5种性状间存在不同程度的关联性;MCW0006、MCW0185、ADL0105位点与商品代固始鸡6个屠体性状中的4个性状显著连锁。MCW0295位点的AC基因型有望作为质量的早期选择辅助标记,MCW0006和MCW0185位点的CC基因型有望作为质量、胸宽、胸深、胫长、体斜长的早期选择辅助标记,ADL0192位点的AB基因型有望作为质量、胸宽的早期选择辅助标记;MCW0006位点的CC基因型有望作为全净膛率的选择辅助标记,MCW0185位点的AD基因型有望作为胸肌率和腿肌率的选择辅助标记,ADL0105位点的CC基因型有望作为腹脂率的选择辅助标记。     

论商业银行市场营销的开展

商业银行的市场营销策略是在正确分析宏观营销环境的基础上,运用品牌经营战略作为手段,把握住网络营销这个未来竞争的战略制高点,逐步深入开展各项营销工作,以推动商业银行自身快速、健康地发展。     

氯前列烯醇诱导母猪同步分娩的效果

选择 2～ 4胎龄施格母猪 1 32头 ,分为 2组。对照组 ( 6 5头 )不做任何处理 ,试验组 ( 6 7头 )又分妊娠 1 1 2d组 ( 34头 )、1 1 3d组 ( 33头 )。用氯前列烯醇 ( 0 .1 g/L)分 0 .5m L/头、1 m L/头 2个剂量组分别处理上述各试验组母猪 ,观察母猪的分娩情况。结果 ,处理至分娩开始的间隔 ,1 1 2 d组为 2 8.72 h,1 1 3d组为 2 3.34 h,2组差异极显著 ( P<0 .0 1 ) ;分娩产程 ,1 1 2 d组为 3.0 8h比对照组长 4 .2 min,1 1 3d组为 2 .31 h比对照组短4 2 min,无显著性差异 ( P>0 .0 5) ;而白天分娩率经χ2 检验有显著性差异 ,1 1 2 d、1 1 3d组分别有 6 1 .76 %和78.78%的母猪在白天分娩 ,而对照组仅为 4 6 .1 5% ( P<0 .0 5)。1 1 2 d组、1 1 3d组母猪的生产成绩 ,死胎率分别为 2 .2 7%和 2 .0 8%比对照组低 1 .82 %、2 .0 1 % ( P<0 .0 5) ;初生窝重分别为 1 1 .56、1 0 .55kg,分别比对照组高 0 .0 8kg和低 0 .0 7kg( P>0 .0 5) ;2 0日龄窝重 ,1 1 2 d组平均为 33.56 kg比对照组低 1 .9kg,1 1 3d组为2 9.30 kg比对照组高 1 .77kg( P>0 .0 5) ;断奶个体重 ,1 1 2 d组平均为 8.1 4 kg比对照组低 0 .2 7kg,1 1 3d组平均为 9.2 7kg比对照组高 0 .85kg( P>0 .0 5)。结果表明 ,氯前列烯醇能有效控制母猪分娩时间集     

The effect of feeding commercial diets on the development of juvenile crucian carp (Carassius carassius,L.). Part 1: Skeletal deformations

The crucian carp (Carassius carassius, L.) is a cyprinid freshwater species, whose wild‐living populations have decreased in recent years due to an increasing competition of invasive species. Several initiatives were launched, attempting to reintroduce this fish back into its native open waters, which requires the use of crucian carp fry grown under controlled conditions. However, the use of popular commercial diets results in severe developmental abnormalities. The aim of this study was to analyse the impact of feeding natural feed (Chironomidae sp. larvae) or two popular commercial diets on the skeletal development of crucian carp juveniles. Whole‐mount staining and histological methods were used in the study. Skeletal tissues of fish fed both commercial diets were demineralized and displayed a variety of deformities, such as abnormal vertebral spines and vertebral fusion, as well as a new type of deformation, which involved the action of dorsal fin pterygiophores upon the spine. Finally, a novel analytical method was proposed, which utilizes LA‐ICP‐MS for the estimation of bone mineralization. The study proved that basic commercial diets are inadequate for the rearing of crucian carp juveniles.     

Epidemiology and diagnosis of subclinical iodine deficiency in crossbred cattle of Punjab.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of iodine deficiency in crossbred cows (taurus x indicus) of Punjab and to assess the diagnostic value of the plasma concentrations of thyroid hormones, total cholesterol and free fatty acids in iodine deficiency. The efficacy of ethiodised oil, as a long-term supplement of iodine, was also evaluated. PROCEDURES: Base-line survey of iodine status was conducted by measuring plasma inorganic iodine (PII) concentration in 48 crossbred cows from 31 dairy units. Concentrations of plasma triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), total cholesterol and free fatty acids were compared between iodine deficient and normal cows. Circulating T4 and T3 concentrations were also determined before and after injection of ethiodised oil in cows with low PII levels. RESULTS: The mean prevalence of iodine deficiency was 35.9% and showed considerable geographical variation from 0 to 86% within Punjab. Cardinal clinical signs of iodine deficiency were absent and basal plasma T3 and T4 concentrations and their ratio did not differ between deficient and control cows. Activity of circulating T4 and T4:T3 ratio increased in response to ethiodised oil injection and persisted beyond 70 days after injection. CONCLUSION: Asymptomatic iodine deficiency is prevalent in crossbred cows of Punjab and response to iodine supplementation is the most reliable index of thyroid dysfunction associated with iodine deprivation. The results of this study also support the view that injection of 1 mL of 78% ethiodised oil can prevent iodine deficiency for more than 70 days.     

In-House Composting of Layer Manure in a High-Rise,Tunnel-Ventilated Commercial Layer House During an Egg Production Cycle

In-house composting has the potential to improve the viability of the high-rise house for commercial egg production by producing a value-added product from the manure without requiring a separate composting facility. The feasibility of in-house composting depends in part on having the ability to handle the manure mass that accumulates over an extended period. This field study showed that in-house composting is possible for the length of an egg production cycle. Beginning with windrows of a carbon source, fresh pine sawdust or shredded yard waste, upon which manure fell from the cage rows above, compost volume grew rapidly in the first few weeks, but slowed after composting activity peaked, as indicated by compost temperatures. In cold weather, when ventilation rates were low, compost remixing temporarily produced high ammonia levels in the house, but ammonia levels at other times were comparable to or lower than those in an undisturbed house. The final compost was friable and nutrient-rich, although the handling quality of the yard waste compost was reduced by persistence of elongated woody pieces of the original carbon source. The ability to access the manure storage area of a high-rise house over a cycle of production gives potential to deliver manure amendments to improve nitrogen retention in the compost, which would have the effect of improving its fertilizer value and reducing ammonia emission from the house.     

祁红创始人胡元龙的商业经营及其困境——以新发现的分家书为中心

新发现的分家书显示,祁红鼻祖胡元龙父子商业经营的资本来源于借贷,属于小本起家者。胡元龙创制新的茶叶品种祁门红茶,迎来新的发展契机,在商业经营过程中善于利用民间互助性的会社组织进行融资,形成茶叶、瓷土、山林等多途并举的综合性产业结构,实现了规模化经营。因时代局限及缺乏新的商业经营机制,其商业经营最终陷入困境,未能向现代化工业生产转型。     

直接药敏试验在肉鸡生产中的临床应用意义

以信阳市和谐动物医院在2012²013年间接诊的112个细菌病例为研究对象,选取18种常见的抗菌素药敏片,运用纸片扩散法来分析直接药敏试验在临床上的应用效果。结果表明:从112个细菌病例中选出92个病例做研究,36个病例可筛选出3种以上的高敏药物,28个病例可筛选出2种以上的高敏药物,39个病例只能筛选出1种高敏药物,16个病例只能筛选出中敏药物,4个病例对常规的18种药物全部耐药。