西部大开发与湘西州农业信息引导

文章介绍了湘西州农业经济的概况，论述了农业信息引导的重要性，分析了湘西州农业信息引导中的障碍因素，提出了加强湘西州农业信息引导采取的措施。     

Forest Fires and Prevention Strategies in Northwestern Region of China

The paper described the natural conditions and forest types in Northwestern Region of China. Most forests in the region are distributed in subalpine areas. It is important to protect the existent forests in the region for maintaining ecological balance. According to the statistics results of 1991~2000, the paper analyzes the forest fires distribution and fire severity. Annually the numbers of forest fires range from 52 to 240. The incidence rate of forest fires in Northwestern Region is under 0.33 per ten thousand ha. There are 0.67-64.4 ha burned area per ten thousand ha forest. The main reasons for forest fires lie in the dry weather conditions, many firebrands, and high fuel loading. The strategies of fire management in the region are to stress the fire education in forest regions, strength the firebrands' management, emphasize the fuel management, and improve the fire monitoring and fire control ability.     

三江源地区1961−2019年降水量时空变化特征

利用三江源地区13个气象站1961?2019年共59年的降水量资料,基于一元线性回归、滑动平均法、气候倾向率和重标极差分析等方法,研究源区降水量的时空演变规律和未来变化趋势.结果表明:三江源地区年均降水量为470.7?mm,并以10.31?mm·10?a?1的速率增加.黄河源区春季降水量最大,其余三季以澜沧江源区最高,...     

Particulate phase polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the ambient atmosphere of a protected and ecologically sensitive area in a tropical megacity

This study reports, for the first time, the profiles and source analysis of 16 US EPA priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) associated with PM₁₀ (particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter ≤10 μm) at a protected and ecologically sensitive area – the Yamuna Biodiversity Park – located in the megacity Delhi, India. Weekly PM₁₀ sampling was carried out at this location for 1 year (2009–2010) and the annual mean PM₁₀ level was found to be ～9 times the World Health Organization limit. Seasonal variation of PAHs (range 37.2–74.0 ng m^?3) was significant with winter values being 72% and 68% higher than summer and monsoon respectively. Principal component analysis coupled with multiple linear regression identified diesel, natural gas and lubricating oil combustion (49.5%), wood combustion (25.4%), gasoline (15.5%) and coal combustion (9.6%) sources for the observed PAHs. Heavy traffic on the national highway and arterial roads and domestic emissions from suburban households in the vicinity of the park appeared to have significantly affected its air quality. A substantial portion (～55%) of the aerosol PAH load was comprised of carcinogenic species, which yielded a considerably high lifetime inhalation cancer risk estimate (8.7E?04). If considered as a conservative lower-bound estimate, this risk translates into ～211 excess cancer cases for lifetime inhalation exposure to the observed PAH concentrations in Delhi.     

黄土丘陵区冻土坡面侵蚀过程特征研究

为了探究黄土丘陵区未冻坡面和冻土坡面在不同径流坡长条件下侵蚀之间的差异,在室内进行模拟冷冻和放水冲刷试验,采用3种径流坡长(2 m,4 m和6 m)和2种坡面类型(未冻坡面和冻土坡面),定量研究了未冻坡面和冻土坡面的产流产沙过程和水沙关系。结果表明:(1)未冻坡面和冻土坡面的初始产流时间均随着径流坡长的延长而缩短,在相同径流坡长条件下,冻土坡面的初始产流时间较未冻坡面减少;(2)未冻坡面的平均产流量与平均产沙量和冻土坡面的平均产沙量均随着径流坡长的延长而增大,而冻土坡面的平均产流量随着径流坡长的变化无显著差异;(3)未冻坡面产流率和产沙率的关系分为缓慢和急速增加两个阶段,而冻土坡面的产沙率则随着产流率的增大而增大;(4)累积产流量与累积产沙量之间呈正相关关系,参数c的绝对值与径流坡长呈正比,并且冻土坡面大于未冻坡面。土壤冻结后使初始产流时间大大缩短,径流量的增加伴随着冻结土壤的不断融化导致冻土坡面侵蚀加剧。     

山区产业生态系统适应性与资源环境承载力的时空耦合协调关系——以秦巴山区81个区县为例

为了揭示秦巴山区产业生态系统适应性与资源环境承载力之间的耦合协调关系,基于P-S-R模型、熵权-TOPSIS模型、Pearson相关性指数及耦合协调度模型分析秦巴山区县域2010—2019年产业生态系统适应性及资源环境承载力的时空格局特征,并对两者的相关性及耦合协调关系进行了时空分析。结果表明:(1)山区产业生态系统适应性随时间呈现出先增后降的波动趋势,空间上为整体均匀分布,高值区散点迸发、局部锐减,低值区部分集聚。(2)山区资源环境承载力在时间尺度上先急速上升后缓步下降,在空间尺度上呈现出较为明显的“凹”字型空间结构。(3)山区产业生态系统适应性与资源环境承载力存在较高的相关性但随时间下降; 二者的耦合协调度逐渐提升,空间上表现为“散点初级协调”到“边缘初级协调”的西北向“口袋”型分布态势。秦巴山区产业经济发展初期整体偏低,此时的产业生态系统适应性与资源环境承载力耦合性协调性较弱; 发展后期,交通通达、人口集聚、产业规模逐步提升,资源环境承载力韧性进一步提升,耦合协调性增强。     

我国PM2.5污染现状及来源解析研究

利用2013年我国各城市PM2.5浓度数据及查找大量文献,对我国细颗粒物的污染现状及重点城市细颗粒物来源解析工作进行了初步研究。结果发现,我国PM2.5浓度水平较高且空间差异较大,呈现明显的时空分布特征;PM2.5浓度高值区主要分布在华北平原、四川盆地、长三角地区,华北地区年均浓度在80μg/m3左右,各城市PM2.5浓度季节变化基本为冬季＆gt;春季＆gt;秋季＆gt;夏季;燃煤源、工业源、汽车尾气是对PM2.5有明显贡献的主要排放源类,机动车尾气对PM2.5贡献的大多在10%～30%。     

基于GIS的广西甘蔗生产潜力评价

为提高广西甘蔗生产水平,合理开发自然资源,在GIS技术和FAO农业生态区域法(AEZ)的支持下对广西甘蔗生产的光温生产潜力、气候生产潜力进行估算。结果表明,广西甘蔗光合生产潜力的均值为183.27 t/hm2,理论值范围为169.03~201.33 t/hm2,开发度均值为37.31%;光温生产潜力均值为175.51t/hm2,理论值范围为154.19~200.75 t/hm2,开发度均值为39.12%;气候生产潜力均值为165.88 t/hm2,理论值范围为142.94~197.21 t/hm2,开发度均值为41.71%。由此可知,广西甘蔗生产潜力理论值与现实生产力之间的差距较大,开发前景广阔。     

信息时代地方政府提升区域文化软实力的对策分析与研究——以吉林省吉林市为例

在对吉林市区域文化软实力进行SWOT分析的基础上,对吉林市政府提升区域文化软实力的对策提出若干建议,以促进该市区域文化软实力的提升和地方经济社会的协调发展。     

一种土壤重金属污染源位置的分析方法

对某城市表层土壤中As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Hg、Ni、Pb、Zn等8种重金属元素的含量进行了采样分析,采用域法识别特异值进行数据处理。采用坐标平移法,修正高斯扩散方程,利用MATLAB软件进行拟合,得到了这8种重金属污染源的空间位置坐标。