Research on the Effect of Plant Combination Types on the Shear Strength of the Root-soil Composite System of Alpine Grassland in the Source Region of the Yellow River北大核心CSCD

In this study,an alpine grassland in Henan County,Qinghai Province,in the source region of the Yellow River,was selected as the study area. The shear strength of root-soil composite system characteristics of 6 different plant combination types of grassland were explored by field investigation and sampling and indoor tests,which aimed to provide a theoretical basis for preventing and controlling soil erosion and shallow landslide caused by grassland degradation. The test results showed that the shear strength of root-soil composite system of 6 different combinations was a increasing trend with the decrease of altitude. Namely,the shear strength of the root-soil composite system of Stipa purpurea Griseb. + Kobresia pygmaea C. B. Clarke at the top of the sunny slope was 27.76 kPa and the value of Elymus nutans Griseb. at the bottom of the sunny slope was 37.53 kPa. The reasons why the shear strength of 6 kinds of combinations varied from large to small with the decrease of altitude were related to their density,moisture content,root content and dry weight of roots in the root-soil composite system samples. That is,the root content of composite system at the top,middle and bottom of the sunny slope were 6.2%,5.5% and 16.2%,respectively. The values at the top,middle and bottom of the shady slope were 8.0%,11.4% and 31.6%,respectively. © 2019 China Agricultural University. All rights reserved.     

大豆产量形成期光合速率和库源调节效应

大豆品种８９１２、８７１６、３０９３５１、２１９２０１和鲁豆４号的倒１叶和倒３叶的光合速率在初花期达到高峰,尔后下降。去叶处理的去叶节的有效荚数、总荚数和粒重均低于不去叶节。各去叶处理中,去２／３叶的去叶节和不去叶节有效荚数、总荚数和粒重最低,去１／２叶次之,去１／３叶第三,去分枝叶最高,但都低于对照。去除一部分秕荚和后期荚,单株粒重有所增加,去除分枝荚明显增加主茎粒重,但降低大豆单株粒重。     

山区水土保持农业结构模式——以大别山区罗田县巴河上游为例

以大别山区罗田县巴河上游自然环境结构的研究为基础,划分治理类型区,建立以优化农林结构为主的分层治理模式,并以水土保持为重点,论证了模式效益。     

陕北渭北粮食开发的潜力与途径

论述了陕北渭北粮食开发的重要意义,定量分析了陕北渭北粮食播种面积、粮食单位面积产量和粮食总产量增长潜力。结果表明,在现有栽培技术条件下,“二北”粮食总产量最高可望达到７８．５０亿ｋｇ,较“八五”期间净增产４３．６７亿ｋｇ．最后分析了潜力开发的可能途径与应具备的条件。     

青海三江源区湿地状况及保护对策

从自然湿地分布的特性以及保护整体性角度出发,将三江源区范围确定为青海省内的长江流域全部、西南诸河的澜沧江二级流域全部以及黄河流域的龙羊峡以上二级流域组成的一个连续区域。统计计算了三江源区内面积≥100hm2的湿地类型、面积和流域分布。分析了湿地资源受威胁状况,并根据当地自然环境和社会经济的特殊情况,提出了湿地保护对策,为三江源湿地的系统保护提供了技术思路。     

黄淮海地区商品鸡饲料中重金属含量特征研究

为了从源头有效控制家禽养殖重金属污染,本文调查了黄淮海地区（北京、天津、河南、河北、山东、江苏、安徽）180个商品鸡饲料样品,分析了不同省市、不同养殖品种和不同生育期饲料中Mn、Cu、Zn、Cr、Ni、Cd、Pb和As 8种重金属含量特征。结果表明：黄淮海地区鸡饲料中重金属含量变化幅度较大,饲料样品中Cr、Mn、Ni、Cu、Zn、As、Cd和Pb含量范围分别为0.05~9.91、52.59~726.68、0.02~6.84、12.74~458.70、34.09~594.78、0.01~3.98、0.01~1.96 mg·kg^-1和0.02~10.76 mg·kg^-1,与我国《鸡饲养标准》（NY/T 33—2004）含量相比,饲料样品Mn、Cu、Zn超标率分别为99.1%、100%、69.0%,与《饲料卫生标准》（GB 13078—2001）含量相比,饲料样品中Pb、Cd含量超标率为39.7%、23.50%。不同省市鸡饲料中重金属的含量存在一定差异,总体上来看,安徽省鸡饲料中重金属含量最高,天津市鸡饲料中含量最低。蛋鸡Mn、Cu、Zn含量最大检出量分别为680.86、458.70、580.27 mg·kg^-1,肉鸡Mn、Cu、Zn含量最大检出量分别达到726.68、399.07、594.78 mg·kg^-1,蛋鸡和肉鸡饲料中Mn、Cu、Zn平均含量均超过我国《鸡饲养标准》。总体来看,产蛋期蛋鸡饲料中重金属含量最高,中后期肉鸡饲料中重金属含量较高。     

气候因素对实木复合门扇变形的影响

由于木材的各向异性及干缩湿胀性,木门容易出现变形问题,影响用户使用。除了结构、材料等,气候也是影响木门变形的重要因素。笔者以某公司一年的销售及客诉数据为基础,分析了省市自治区、建筑气候区、温度、降雨量、湿润指数等参数对不同地域门扇变形的影响。     

1971-2017年羌塘国家级自然保护区持续干旱日数的时空变化特征

为全面分析羌塘国家级自然保护区的干旱变化特征,有效应对干旱风险和生态环境保护。本文采用利用5个气象站点1971－2016 年逐日降水量资料,以持续干旱日数(CDD)为干旱评价指标,采用线性回归、Mann-Kendall非参数检验和R/S分析等方法,分析了自然保护区CDD的时空变化特征。结果表明：多年平均下,自然保护区各站CDD为78～162 d,总体呈自西向东递减分布;CDD偏多概率为51.1%。近47年保护区CDD呈减少趋势,平均每10年减少3.4 d;20世纪90年代以来,CDD趋于增加。70年代CDD明显偏多,为近40年最多的10年;80年代至21世纪前10年基本正常。CDD异常特多年份出现过2次,均发生20世纪90年代;未出现异常特少年份。在时间转折上,保护区CDD的突变点出现在1980年, 从一个相对偏多期跃变为一个相对偏少期。根据R/S分析,保护区CDD的Hurst指数大于0.5,说明未来仍将趋于减少。     

Evaluation of the Low-Temperature Tolerance of Cotton Varieties in the Huang-Huai Region during Seed Germination

[Objective] To provide a theoretical foundation and germplasm resources for low-temperature-germination cotton breeding, the germination characteristics of 38 cotton varieties novel to or formerly widely planted in the Huang-Huai Region were evaluated under different low temperature stress conditions. [Method] Analysis of variance, the fuzzy membership function method, and cluster analysis were used to comprehensively evaluate the tolerance of these varieties to low temperature stress. [Result] As the temperature was lowered, germination rate, germination index, and vigor index exhibited a decreasing trend in all cotton varieties, but resistance to low temperature was significantly different among varieties. Cluster analysis divided the 38 varieties into three categories: highly resistant, resistant, and non-resistant. [Conclusion] Early-introduced varieties and those bred from early-introduced germplasm resources had weaker resistance to low temperature stress, with Stoneville and Deltapine series showing the lowest tolerance. The new transgenic insect-resistant cotton varieties SCRC 37 and SCRC 36 had the strongest resistance to low temperature stress.