Tetrodotoxin,an Extremely Potent Marine Neurotoxin: Distribution,Toxicity, Origin and Therapeutical Uses

Tetrodotoxin (TTX) is a potent neurotoxin responsible for many human intoxications and fatalities each year. The origin of TTX is unknown, but in the pufferfish, it seems to be produced by endosymbiotic bacteria that often seem to be passed down the food chain. The ingestion of contaminated pufferfish, considered the most delicious fish in Japan, is the usual route of toxicity. This neurotoxin, reported as a threat to human health in Asian countries, has spread to the Pacific and Mediterranean, due to the increase of temperature waters worldwide. TTX, for which there is no known antidote, inhibits sodium channel producing heart failure in many cases and consequently death. In Japan, a regulatory limit of 2 mg eq TTX/kg was established, although the restaurant preparation of “fugu” is strictly controlled by law and only chefs qualified are allowed to prepare the fish. Due to its paralysis effect, this neurotoxin could be used in the medical field as an analgesic to treat some cancer pains.     

World Association for the Advancement of Veterinary Parasitology (W.A.A.V.P.) guidelines for evaluating the efficacy of acaricides against (mange and itch) mites on ruminants

These guidelines have been prepared to assist in the planning, conduct and interpretation of studies for the assessment of the efficacy of acaricides against mange and itch mites on ruminants. Information is provided on the selection of animals, dose determination, dose confirmation and field studies, record keeping and result interpretation. These guidelines also are intended to assist the investigators on how to conduct specific experiments, to provide specific information for registration authorities involved in the decision-making process, to assist in the approval and registration of new ectoparasiticides, and to facilitate the worldwide adoption of standard procedures.     

血管内皮生长因子对缺血性脑血管病血管生成的作用研究

血管内皮生长因子是血管特异性生长因子,有促进内皮细胞增生、转移,增加血管通透性和促进血管生成的作用.阐述了血管内皮生长因子的生物学特性和功能,以及血管内皮生长因子与缺血性脑血管病的关系.     

雾灵山低山区土地利用类型对土壤理化性质的影响

针对雾灵山低山区不同土地利用类型的土壤进行采样和分析,研究农田、果园、绿化林、果农间作和未利用地5种土地利用类型对土壤理化性质的影响,以期为雾灵山地区的土地合理利用和水土保持等提供科学依据.结果表明:5种土地利用类型中,绿化林的有机质、全氮、碱解氮、速效钾含量均为最高,而含水量最低;果农间作的有机质、全氮、碱解氮含量最低;未利用地的含水量和容重最高,而速效磷和速效钾含量最低.不同土地利用类型土壤有机质含量随土层深度的增加而减少,而其他土壤养分含量随土层深度的增加其减少量有明显差异.同全国第二次土壤普查养分分级标准相比,各土地利用类型的土壤速效磷和速效钾含量较为丰富,全氮和有机质含量较为缺乏,其中绿化林的各养分均较为丰富.     

Woody leguminous trees: New uses for sustainable development of drylands

Woody leguminous species are valuable crops because of their nutritional, economic, and ecological characteristics. Such crops have aided in the recovery of marginal lands for agricultural development due to their ability to fix nitrogen, control erosion, and act as a refuge for other species, in addition to their capacity to improve soil mineral composition and microbial biodiversity. Nevertheless, some leguminous trees are recognized to be one of the worst invasive species that affect negatively biodiversity and the entire ecosystem balance. In this study, we review new global uses for some woody leguminous crops, highlighting new nutraceutical and pharmacological properties, their uses as bioenergy sources, and their ecological uses for bioremediation opening new possibilities of management. We aim to bring knowledge on the multiple benefits that these woody plants continue to provide to humans from economic, social, and environmental standpoints.     

中国土地利用社会经济环境综合评价方法(英文)

稳健主成分分析(RPCA)法可用于评价土地利用的社会经济环境。该文展示了RPCA法在土地利用社会经济环境综合评价中的应用。利用RPCA法并基于土地利用的社会经济环境的区域分异特征将中国土地利用社会经济环境划分为8个分区,分别代表土地利用社会经济环境的8个级别。研究表明,采用RPCA法不易受到土地利用社会经济环境各成分要素异常值影响,所获得的土地利用社会经济环境分区较为科学与合理。由此可见,应用RPCA法可以有效地提取土地利用社会经济环境表征指标,可应用于提炼土地利用社会经济环境区域分异特征。     

基于GIS与耕地质量组合评价模型划定基本农田整备区

针对划定基本农田有质量、数量和空间的多重要求,该文从耕地的自然条件、质量条件、灌溉条件、区位条件、规划用途等5个层面选取16个指标建立了一般农田入选基本农田整备区的指标体系,并运用GIS技术提取各评价指标的空间属性数据;然后根据耕地质量模糊优选模型和属性层次模型2个模型评价结果的平均值对候选耕地进行质量和区位优劣排序;最后根据排序结果,通过GIS空间分析功能,以重庆市秀山县梅江镇为例,划定基本农田整备区的空间分布范围。组合评价模型可形成多角度评价结果的综合平衡,提高评价结果的科学性。     

Profile carbon and nutrient levels and management effect on soil quality indicators in the Mardi watershed of Nepal

Abstract

Soil organic carbon (SOC) and nutrient stocks in the soil profile (0–80 cm) in four dominant land uses [forest, upland maize and millet (Bari), irrigated rice (Khet), and grazed systems)] and 0–15 cm depth along elevation gradient 1000 to 3000 m, and aspects in the Mardi watershed were measured. Soil properties at 0–15 cm depth were also measured in undisturbed forest, forest with free grazed system, managed forest, and grassland to compare the soil quality index (SQI) of topsoils. The SOC and nutrient concentration decreased with increasing profile depth. The SOC and N contents in the 0–15 cm depth of forest soils were significantly greater than the corresponding depth in upland maize and millet, irrigated rice, and grazed systems. On the other hand, available P and K concentrations at the same depth were significantly greater in upland maize and millet compared to irrigated rice, grazed system, and forest land uses. The SOC and N stocks (0–15 cm) increased from agricultural land at the valley bottom at about 1000 m above mean sea level (a.s.l.) (24 and 3 Mg ha^?1) compared to undisturbed forest (74 and 5.9 Mg ha^?1) at 2600 m a.s.l, demonstrating the effects of cover and elevation. Both SOC and N stocks decreased sharply in grassland (54 and 4.5 Mg ha^?1) at elevations of 2600 to 2800 m a.s.l. compared with undisturbed forest. Above 2800 m a.s.l. the cover type changed from grass to coniferous forest, and the SOC and N stocks steadily increased at the summit level (3200 m a.s.l.) to 65 and 6.9 Mg ha^?1, respectively. Slope and aspect significantly affected SOC with the northwest aspect having significantly higher concentrations (46 g kg^?1) than other aspects. Similarly, SOC concentration at the lowest slope position (39 g kg^?1) was significantly higher than the middle or upper positions (25 and 13 g kg^?1). Integrated soil quality index (SQI) values varied from 0.17 to 0.69 for different land uses, being highest for undisturbed forest and lowest for irrigated rice. The SQI demonstrated the degradation status of land uses in the following ascending order: irrigated rice?>?grazed system?>?forest with free grazing?>?upland maize and millet?>?managed forest?>?grass land?>?undisturbed forest. The irrigated rice, grazed system, upland maize and millet, and freely grazed forestlands need immediate attention to minimize further deterioration of soil quality in these land uses.     

黄连素对鸡球虫的防治效果研究

[目的]探讨黄连素对鸡球虫的防治效果。[方法]将2周龄的雏鸡分为攻虫对照组、空白对照组、加药A组、加药B组,分别给予0、0、300和1 500μg/g体重剂量的黄连素,探讨黄连素的安全性和及其对鸡球虫的治疗效果。[结果]加药A组、加药B组和攻虫对照组雏鸡的相对增重率分别为55.56%、10.71%、26.43%。空白对照组、加药A组、加药B组和攻虫对照组的抗球虫指数依次为200、141.26、59.99、29.29。[结论]黄连素对鸡球虫具有明显的治疗效果,剂量以300μg/g体重为宜。