World Association for the Advancement of Veterinary Parasitology (W.A.A.V.P.) guidelines for evaluating the efficacy of ectoparasiticides against biting and nuisance flies on ruminants

These guidelines have been prepared to assist in the planning, conduct and interpretation of studies for the assessment of the efficacy of ectoparasiticides (excluding repellents) against the biting and nuisance dipteran flies of ruminants. Information is provided on the selection of animals, dose determination and dose confirmation studies, field studies, record keeping and result interpretation. These guidelines advocate the use of pen facilities for dose determination and dose confirmation studies. These guidelines also are intended to assist investigators on how to conduct specific studies, to provide specific information for registration authorities involved in the decision-making process, to assist in the approval and registration of new ectoparasiticides, and to facilitate the worldwide adoption of standard procedures.     

不同土地利用方式下表层土壤稳定入渗速率的时间变化

[目的]研究土壤稳定入渗速率(f_c)的时间变化规律对土壤剖面水分运动和溶质运移的影响,为流域水文循环模型研究提供理论支持。[方法]以中国科学院长武黄土高原农业生态试验站附近典型的土地利用类型为研究对象,利用双环入渗法采集玉米地、苹果园和刺槐林地2021年4—10月的f_c值。[结果](1)f_c值空间分布的最大相关距离是7.12 m;(2)土壤容重与f_c值呈显著负相关,而土壤初始含水量与f_c值无显著相关性(p>0.05);(3)4—5月各土地利用类型的f_c值随时间增加而增加;6—10月,各土地利用类型的f_c值随时间的变化特征存在差异,表现为玉米地随时间的增加先增加后下降,苹果园随时间的增加而增大,刺槐林随时间的增加先增大后趋于稳定。方差分析表明,不同土地利用类型的f_c值受时间影响显著(p<0.05)。[结论]观测期内,受耕作、降雨、根系活动与土壤干湿交替变化以及枯枝落叶层的影响,不同土地利用方式下f     

黄土高原丘陵区地形和土地利用对土壤有机碳的影响

土壤有机碳(SOC)作为土壤中重要的组成部分及植物生长的主要元素,在地球生态系统中起着举足轻重的作用,是全球环境尤其是气候变化的重要影响因素。以黄土高原王茂沟小流域为研究对象,通过间隔为150m经纬网格分5层采集0～100cm土壤样品,采集土壤样品包括4种地形(坡顶、坡上、坡中、坡下)和5种土地利用类型(坡耕地、林地、草地、灌木、梯田),共采集土壤样品1 540个,探讨地形和土地利用方式对黄土丘陵沟壑区小流域SOC含量和分布影响,并通过Kriging插值计算流域内SOC空间分布。结果表明,黄土丘陵第一副区王茂沟小流域在0～100cm土层中,SOC平均含量坡上(4.49g·kg~(-1))和坡中(4.30 g·kg~(-1))含量最高,其次为坡下(3.97 g·kg~(-1)),坡顶SOC含量最低(3.34g·kg~(-1));坡耕地SOC含量最低。林地(4.31 g·kg~(-1))、梯田(4.25 g·kg~(-1))、草地(4.12 g·kg~(-1))和灌木(3.82 g·kg~(-1))分别较坡耕地(3.47 g·kg~(-1))SOC含量增加24.2%、22.4%、18.7%和10.1%。表层SOC更易受到环境因子的影响,梯田等水土保持措施可明显固存深层(20cm)SOC。方差成分估计表明,土地利用、地形、深度以及土地利用与地形的交互作用对流域剖面SOC含量空间分布有着极显著的影响(P0.01),其中地形对SOC含量的贡献率最高(32.50%)。土地利用与地形的交互作用在各因子的交互作用中表现出对SOC含量变异解释度最高(7.4%)。流域SOC在空间上呈斑块分布,随着深度的增加,流域SOC的空间分布向均一性发展。研究结果为黄土区水土保持措施规划及退耕还林的固碳效益评价提供了科学依据。     

西湖风景区水生植物园林应用研究

通过对西湖风景区内水生植物园林应用情况的大量调查,得到应用种类、分布与应用频率及相应种类的生长发育规律等与水生植物园林应用密切相关的几个要素,并据此对其作了较为全面的分析,将为以后更加科学合理的应用提供良好依据.     

The impact of seasonal colour change in planting on patients with psychotic disorders using biosensors

The beneficial effect of nature on patients with mental disorders is of particular importance. There has been an increase in mental illnesses in recent years, but research on the design of healing gardens for mental and behavioural disorders remains limited. This paper is part of a wider study that aims to investigate the effect of selected design elements of healing gardens on patients with mental disorders. This study examines the effect of seasonal colour change in plantings in the design of healing gardens on patients suffering from psychotic disorders by using a questionnaire survey and by recording and analysing human behaviour. Images depicting seasonal colour change in different plantings were viewed on a computer monitor by patients. Patients’ behaviour was studied using biosensors for eye-tracking, facial expression analysis and galvanic skin response. The results showed that differences in gender and age between participants did not affect their preferences. However, it appeared to be more difficult to positively affect the emotions of male participants compared to female participants. Seasonal colour change in a tree canopy created positive and intense emotions in the patients. Based on the results, the use of deciduous trees is proposed in the design of healing gardens for patients with psychotic disorders to create seasonal colour change. Further research is necessary to obtain more detailed design recommendations for landscape architects.     

Progress on genomic aberrations in esophageal squamous-cell carcinoma

Esophageal squamous-cell carcinoma (ESCC) is one of the most common malignancies with poor prognosis in China. Since most clinical confirmation of the patients with ESCC is diagnosed at an advanced stage or with lymph node metastasis, the treatment effect was very poor. With the applications of high-throughput microarray and whole-genome sequencing or whole-exome sequencing, several novel cancer-related genes have been identified and revealed, and these genes may become new biomarkers or therapeutic targets. This review is to summarize the research progress in ESCC genome reported recently.     

喀斯特地区坡面不同土地利用方式水土流失及磷素输出对次降雨特征的响应

为探究喀斯特地区坡面不同土地利用方式下水土流失及磷素输出对次降雨特征的响应,对喀斯特地区不同土地利用方式(水保林、耕地、自然草地、裸地、经果林)坡面场次降雨的水土流失和磷素输出进行了分析。结果表明:5种土地利用方式的径流系数由大到小整体表现为裸地自然草地耕地水保林经果林,而单位面积产沙量、单位面积磷流失量整体表现为耕地裸地经果林水保林自然草地。其中耕地和裸地在大雨量、高强度降雨事件的影响下径流系数、单位面积产沙量、单位面积磷流失量急剧增大。雨强是影响水土流失、磷素输出的重要因素,可以很好地拟合水土流失量。径流中磷素输出以颗粒态磷(PP)为主,占总磷(TP)的比例介于75.47%~97.91%之间。降雨引起的耕地径流[0.73 mg·L-1ρ(TP)2.49 mg·L-1]、裸地径流[0.10 mg·L-1ρ(TP)0.50 mg·L-1]和经果林径流[0.13 mg·L-1ρ(TP)0.46 mg·L-1]磷输出对受纳水体磷的含量有增加的风险,而自然草地径流[0.03 mg·L-1ρ(TP)0.09mg·L-1]影响较小。坡面水土流失和磷素输出与降雨过程、土地利用方式关系密切,可以通过优化土地利用结构、减少人为扰动有效防治水土流失,减轻流域面源污染。