Outdoor environments in healthcare settings: A quality evaluation tool for use in designing healthcare gardens

This article presents the first outline of a quality evaluation tool (QET) to be used in the process of designing outdoor environments in healthcare settings, e.g. healthcare gardens. Theory triangulation is used to integrate theories and evidence from selected research on people's health/well-being and the outdoor environment. The results first present the theoretical principles underlying the tool and justifying its practical construction. Then, 19 environmental qualities constituting the backbone of the practical tool are presented, including six qualities based on the need to be comfortable in the outdoor environment and 13 qualities based on the need for access to nature and surrounding life. Furthermore, this work presents suggestions of how the tool might include concepts dealing with how users can become involved in the design process, as well as general design guidelines corresponding to the various needs and wishes users may have. The paper ends with a discussion that, among other things, relates the QET to evidence-based design, salutogenesis and pathogenesis.     

Emerging Biomedical Applications of Nano-Chitins and Nano-Chitosans Obtained via Advanced Eco-Friendly Technologies from Marine Resources

The present review article is intended to direct attention to the technological advances made in the 2010–2014 quinquennium for the isolation and manufacture of nanofibrillar chitin and chitosan. Otherwise called nanocrystals or whiskers, n-chitin and n-chitosan are obtained either by mechanical chitin disassembly and fibrillation optionally assisted by sonication, or by e-spinning of solutions of polysaccharides often accompanied by poly(ethylene oxide) or poly(caprolactone). The biomedical areas where n-chitin may find applications include hemostasis and wound healing, regeneration of tissues such as joints and bones, cell culture, antimicrobial agents, and dermal protection. The biomedical applications of n-chitosan include epithelial tissue regeneration, bone and dental tissue regeneration, as well as protection against bacteria, fungi and viruses. It has been found that the nano size enhances the performances of chitins and chitosans in all cases considered, with no exceptions. Biotechnological approaches will boost the applications of the said safe, eco-friendly and benign nanomaterials not only in these fields, but also for biosensors and in targeted drug delivery areas.     

基于人体五行的老年疗养花园景观设计方法研究

从探究五行与人体、五行与植物的关系出发,以老年疗养花园为对象进行景观功能设计,并以人体各机能器官的分布特色为借鉴进行相应的植物五行搭配,形成了疗养花园的五大景观系统和六大功能分区,从而构建和谐、稳定、吉气通畅的植物疗养场.     

大麻的生物学特性及用途

介绍了大麻的生物学特性、栽培方法、主要化学有效成分、用途、种植历史及发展现状等,并提出大麻产业的发展建议,以供参考。     

土地利用方式对土壤有机碳和碳库管理指数的影响

土壤碳库管理指数反映土壤管理的科学性.对比研究了干热河谷新银合欢林、苏门答腊金合欢林、大叶相思林、印楝林、荒地和旱耕地土壤有机碳(SOC)、易氧化有机碳(ROC)含量和土壤碳库管理指数.结果表明:6种土地利用方式下SOC和ROC含量范围分别为4.22～5.92 g·kg-1和1.34～2.33 g·kg-1.各利用方式...     

环太湖典型丘陵区不同土地利用下土壤磷素随地表径流迁移特征

在环太湖丘陵地区选择4种有代表性的土地利用类型进行野外原位试验，研究了自然降雨条件下磷素随地表径流的迁移特征。结果表明，各场降雨水相总磷的“次降雨径流平均浓度”呈对数正态分布。悬浮颗粒态磷是水相磷素迁移的主要形态，占水相总磷的76%～89%，其浓度主要由表土总磷含量及地表径流量决定;而溶解态磷（DP）主要与表土中的有效磷含量以及径流与表土相互作用深度有关。溶解态无机磷（DIP）占溶解态磷的57%～85%，竹林的DIP浓度最高。菜地径流的有机磷含量（DOP）明显高于另外3种土地利用。不同土地利用下溶解态和悬浮态磷的迁移通量分别为23～92.7mg·m^-2·a^-1和113.4～364.3mg·m^-2·a^-1，与地表径流量表现出较强的相关性。     

Cultivation effects on temporal changes of organic carbon and aggregate stability in desert soils of Hexi Corridor region in China

Sustainable agricultural use of cultivated desert soils has become a concern in Hexi Corridor in Gansu Province of China, because loss of topsoil in dust storms has been recently intensified. We chose four desert sites to investigate the effects of cultivation (cropping) on (i) soil organic C and its size fractions and (ii) soil aggregate stability (as a measure of soil erodibility). These parameters are of vital importance for evaluating the sustainability of agricultural practices.

Total organic C as well as organic C fractions in soil (coarse organic C, 0.1–2 mm; young organic C, 0.05–0.1 mm; stable organic C, <0.05 mm) generally increased with the duration of the cultivation period from 0 (virgin soil, non-cultivated) to more than 30 years (p < 0.05). Compared to total organic C in virgin soils (2.3–3.5 g kg⁻¹ soil), significantly greater values were found after 10 to >20 years of cultivation (6.2–7.1 g kg⁻¹ soil). The increase in organic C in desert soils following prolonged cultivation was mainly the consequence of an increase in the coarse organic C. The increase in total organic C in soil was also dependent on clay content [total organic C = 0.96 + 0.249 clay content (%) + 0.05 cultivation year, R² = 0.48, n = 27, p < 0.001]. This indicates that clay protected soil organic C from mineralization, and also contributed to the increase in soil organic C as time of cultivation increased.

There was a significant positive correlation between aggregate stability and total organic C across all field sites. The water stability of aggregates was low (with water-stable aggregate percentage 4% of dry-sieved aggregates of size 1–5 mm). There was no consistent pattern of increase in the soil aggregate stability with time of cultivation at different locations, suggesting that desert soils might remain prone to wind erosion even after 50 years of cultivation. Alternative management options, such as retaining harvested crop residues on soil surface and excluding or minimizing tillage, may permit sustainable agricultural use of desert soils.     

兽医透皮治疗体系(TTS)研究 Ⅰ.氮酮(Azone)对右旋糖酐铁的透皮吸收促进作用

本文报道新型高效皮肤渗透促进剂氮酮(Azone)对右旋糖酐铁的透皮吸收促进作用及其对防治仔猪缺铁性贫血的意义.     

中国耕地资源的基本态势及其近年来数量变化研究

耕地资源作为农业最主要的生产资料和农民最直接的劳动对象,是构成粮食综合生产能力的最基本要素之一,实现中国粮食安全的基础和保证。在分析中国耕地资源的现状、1996年以来中国耕地数量减少的途径进行分析的基础上,指出造成中国耕地非农化无序流转的主要原因在于盲目的城市化、土地管理法制化建设滞后、利益驱动、执法和监管不力等方面。     

World Association for the Advancement of Veterinary Parasitology (W.A.A.V.P.) guidelines for evaluating the efficacy of ectoparasiticides against biting and nuisance flies on ruminants

These guidelines have been prepared to assist in the planning, conduct and interpretation of studies for the assessment of the efficacy of ectoparasiticides (excluding repellents) against the biting and nuisance dipteran flies of ruminants. Information is provided on the selection of animals, dose determination and dose confirmation studies, field studies, record keeping and result interpretation. These guidelines advocate the use of pen facilities for dose determination and dose confirmation studies. These guidelines also are intended to assist investigators on how to conduct specific studies, to provide specific information for registration authorities involved in the decision-making process, to assist in the approval and registration of new ectoparasiticides, and to facilitate the worldwide adoption of standard procedures.