益生菌保健和治疗作用的研究进展

益生菌是一类对宿主机体健康有益的低致病性或无致病性微生物。大量研究表明,益生菌除能促进营养物质的消化、吸收,还对胃肠道疾病、癌症、免疫力低下、婴儿过敏、肝病、高血压、Helicobacter pylori感染等症具有预防和治疗效果。其中的机理有广泛的研究,但仍无定论。     

Health effects of viewing landscapes – Landscape types in environmental psychology

The visible landscape is believed to affect human beings in many ways, including aesthetic appreciation and health and well-being. The aim of this paper is to analyse the range of landscapes used in environmental psychology studies, and the evidence of health effects related to viewing these landscapes. A literature review of publications linking landscapes and health effects was conducted. This reported evidence of health and well-being effects related to exposure to visual landscapes. The results of the review include an overview of the types of landscape used in the studies, the evidence on health effects, the methods and measures applied and the different groups of respondents. The analysis reveals a predominance of studies using only coarse categories of landscapes. Most landscape representations have been classed as “natural” or “urban”. Few studies were found to use subcategories within these groups. Generally, the natural landscapes gave a stronger positive health effect compared to urban landscapes. Urban landscapes were found to have a less positive and in some cases negative effect on health. Three main kinds of health effects have been identified in the study; short-term recovery from stress or mental fatigue, faster physical recovery from illness and long-term overall improvement on people's health and well-being.

The study provides an overview of the relationships between health and landscapes arranged in an accessible format, identifying gaps in our knowledge requiring further research. The identification of quantifiable landscape attributes that affect health is seen as an important factor in enabling future landscape design to be of benefit to human health.     

昆虫病原线虫共生菌YL001发酵液不同粗提物抑菌活性研究

采用不同溶剂对YL001发酵液进行提取,以抑制菌丝生长速率法、抑制孢子萌发试验法离体测定了不同粗提物对植物病原真菌的抑制活性。结果表明,氯仿粗提物在离体条件下能显著抑制多种供试真菌菌丝的生长,其对辣椒疫霉病菌和水稻稻瘟病菌的EC50值分别为63.58μg/mL和77.21μg/mL;正丁醇粗提物能显著抑制供试真菌孢子的萌发,其对番茄灰霉病菌的EC50值为0.445μg/mL;盆栽实验表明正丁醇粗提物比氯仿粗提物具有较好的防治效果,其对黄瓜霜霉病的保护和治疗作用分别达82.4%和75.1%。