在我国新发现的一种牛的泰勒虫（Theileria）未定种

对分离自我国西北某地自然感染牛体的一株泰勒虫（Ｔｈｅｉｌｅｒｉａ）未定种，进行了接种试验、形态学观察和部分传播试验。结果表明，该种可在除脾牛体内大量繁殖，寄生物血症达５２．６９％。虫体形态具多形性：有梨子形、圆环形、椭圆形、杆状、三叶形、边虫样、十字架形，还有许多难以形容的不规则形虫体；在同一红细胞内不同数目的边虫样虫体可发育变大，生成的原生质伸延，而后互相连接或交融，重新构成各种不同形态的虫体；     

Theileria parva: In Vitro Studies on the Effects of Holding Temperature,pH and Medium on Sporozoite Infectivity

The effects of holding temperature, pH and medium on the infectivity of Theileria parva sporozoites were investigated using an in vitro infectivity assay. The sporozoite infectivity lasted for 72 h at a holding temperature of 4 C but for only 24 h at 24 degrees C. Sporozoite infectivity was found to be sensitive to pH variations and sporozoites were most infective between pH 7 and pH 8. There was a significant loss in infectivity at pH 5 and infectivity was almost totally abolished at pH 9. Theileria parva sporozoites are usually held and manipulated in Eagle's minimum essential medium (MEM) with Earles' salts. In this study. Leibovitz-15 supplemented with 15% fetal bovine serum gave a significantly better infectivity than Eagle's MEM (3.8 log units versus 1.0 log units) or any other medium. The importance of proper management of the T. parva sporozoite environment in the laboratory or field is emphasized by the findings in these studies and might also explain some of the failures of vaccination when the pH of the holding medium was allowed to deteriorate.     

Treatment of East Coast Fever of Cattle with a Combination of Parvaquone and Frusemide

Pulmonary oedema is a common sign of East Coast fever (ECF, Theileria parva infection) of cattle. A trial was conducted on farms in Uganda to compare a product containing both the antitheilerial compound parvaquone and the diuretic compound frusemide with one containing only parvaquone, in the treatment of ECF. The trial involved 40 clinical cases of ECF, some of them complicated by other infections, in cattle of all ages and on several farms. Confirmed cases were treated with either parvaquone+frusemide (P+F) or parvaquone alone (P). Survival after treatment with P+F was 77% compared with 71% with P. Five of the 10 fatalities were complicated cases. The cure rate for severe but uncomplicated ECF was 89% with P+F and 40% with P. Pulmonary signs were resolved within 24-48 h after treatment with P+F and clinical recovery was noticeably more rapid than with P. The antiparasitic effect of the two treatments was similar. P+F could be particularly useful when reporting, diagnosis or laboratory confirmation of ECF is delayed, because advanced cases are more likely to be encountered under these circumstances.     

羊尤氏泰勒虫病的病理学观察

对尤氏泰勒虫人工感染的绵羊进行了病理学观察。主要的组织病变：淋巴结充血、出血及淋巴窦网状内皮细胞增生;肺脏出血,间质淋巴细胞和网状细胞增生,肺泡隔增厚;肾小球内皮细胞、血管内皮细胞增生,淋巴网状细胞灶状积累,甚至形成结节;心肌细胞变性、坏死,染色不均;肠道固有膜明显充血、出血;肝细胞颗粒变性,有散在细胞坏死,汇管区和小叶间有淋巴网状细胞增生;瘤胃黏膜下层有散在性出血,肌层见灶状出血。     

Investigation of the index case herd and identification of the genotypes of Theileria orientalis associated with outbreaks of bovine anaemia in New Zealand in 2012

CASE HISTORY AND CLINICAL FINDINGS: On 7 September 2012 the Ministry for Primary Industries was notified of a dairy cow with regenerative anaemia (haematocrit (HCT) 0.08?L/L) in a herd of 465 Jersey-Friesian cross cows (index case herd) in the Northland region of New Zealand. Organisms consistent with Theileria spp. were present in red blood cells on a blood smear. No other causes of anaemia were detected following examination of affected cows. Blood samples collected from 29 randomly selected cows on 26 September 2012 showed that 24 (83%) were anaemic (HCT≤0.24 L/L) and therefore fitted the case definition for bovine anaemia associated with Theileria orientalis infection.

LABORATORY FINDINGS: Using a T. orientalis type-specific PCR assay that targeted the single subunit rRNA gene, all of six animals tested were positive for T. orientalis type Ikeda. Blood samples collected from clinically affected cattle in 11 subsequent outbreaks from throughout the North Island showed that T. orientalis Ikeda type was a common finding, but mixed infections with Chitose type were also identified. In addition, using a PCR assay that targeted the major piroplasm surface gene, T. orientalis type 5 was detected in one cow from the Waikato region.

DIAGNOSIS: The presence of T. orientalis type Ikeda, as well as type 5, was confirmed in cattle from outbreaks of bovine anaemia in herds throughout the North Island of New Zealand.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Two new types of T. orientalis were identified in this investigation, that were associated with a sudden rise in cases of bovine anaemia. The body of evidence showed that the Ikeda type was implicated as the cause of disease observed in this epidemic.     

Comparisons among two serological tests and microscopic examination for the detection of Theileria annulata in cattle in northern Sudan

We tested the agreement between microscopic examination (ME), a surface protein-detecting enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (TaSP ELISA) and an indirect fluorescent assay (IFA) for detection of Theileria annulata in 2661 naturally infected cattle from northern Sudan (samples collected between June 2001 and July 2002). In the ME, we detected piroplasms in 364/2661 cattle (14%), and the kappas between the ME and the serological tests were poor (TaSP ELISA 10%; IFA 8%). The TaSP ELISA detected 885/2661 cattle as positive, and the Rogan-and-Gladen corrected true prevalence of this sample was estimated to be 30%. The relative sensitivity and specificity of the IFA (compared to the previously validated TaSP ELISA) were 70.7% and 81.8%, respectively.     

Observed prevalence of tick-borne pathogens in domestic animals in Sicily, Italy during 2003-2005

The objective of this study was to characterize the observed prevalence of tick-borne pathogens (TBP) in domestic animals in Sicily, Italy during 2003-2005. Serological (competitive ELISA and indirect immunofluorescence antibody, n = 3299) and DNA tests (polymerase chain reaction and reverse line blot, n = 2565) were conducted on horse, donkey, cattle, sheep, goat, pig and dog samples. Pathogens analysed included Anaplasma, Ehrlichia, Rickettsia, Babesia and Theileria species, and Coxiella burnetii. The most prevalent TBP were Anaplasma and Babesia species. The results reported herein suggested that cattle could serve as the major reservoir for Babesia and Theileria spp. while for Anaplasma spp. cattle, dogs, sheep and goats may be the most important reservoir species. These results expanded our knowledge about the prevalence of TBP in Sicily and provided information to understand the epidemiology of tick-borne diseases and may help to implement measures to diagnose, treat and control transmission to humans and animals in this region.     

人工感染泰勒虫羊临床症状、血液学以及抗体水平的变化

用从甘肃采集的甘肃血蜱人工感染试验羊，观察其临床症状、血液学及抗体水平的变化。在试验中，试验羊表现出2个高温峰，裂殖体在第2个高温期出现。血液学观察表明，裂殖体产生阶段对试验羊造成的危害最大。通过对试验羊临床症状、血液学及抗体水平变化的统计学分析，表明3者之间存在一定的关联。     

PCR检测新疆南疆部分地方品种绵羊的嗜血支原体和泰勒虫感染情况

为了解新疆南疆部分地方品种绵羊嗜血支原体和泰勒虫的感染情况,采用PCR法检测新疆南疆5个地方品种绵羊共100份血液DNA样本.结果表明:新疆南疆部分地方品种绵羊泰勒虫和嗜血支原体感染率分别为35.0％(35/100)和3.0％(3/100).仅和田羊和多浪羊上检测到嗜血支原体感染,感染率分别为8.0％(2/25)和5....