双峰驼肘关节动脉分布

作者研究了双峰驼肘关节的动脉分布情况。结果表明：分布于双峰驼肘关节的动脉支有肘前支、肘内侧支、肘外侧支和肘后支。肘前支有肘前内侧支、肘前上支、肘前中支和肘前下支，均自肘横动发出；肘内侧支自尺侧副动脉分出；肘外侧支有肘外侧上支、肘外侧中支和肘外侧下支，均自肘横动脉分出；肘后支有肘后上支、肘后中肘、肘后下支，肘后内侧支、肘后外侧上支和肘后外侧下支，除肘后上支和肘后外侧上支自肘横动脉分出外，其斜匀自尺侧     

奶牛乳腺血流量主要测定技术及其应用

奶牛乳腺的血流量与原料乳的产量和营养成分密切相关,所以对乳腺血流量的准确测定是牛奶养分合成、前体物吸收率等后续研究的基础。本文综述了奶牛乳腺的血管构造和血流量的主要测定技术及应用,以为奶牛泌乳及其相关的研究提供一些参考。     

Right subclavian artery anomaly in an adult Friesian horse

This report describes an unusual vascular ring anomaly (VRA) that resulted in repeated oesophageal obstruction in an adult horse. Oesophagoscopy identified a luminal obstruction with secondary mucosal sloughing. Post mortem findings revealed oesophageal and tracheal stenosis secondary to an aberrant right subclavian artery. The presence of the VRA may have resulted in repeated oesophageal impactions in an adult horse and the hereditary potential for this defect should be considered.     

Ligation of the caudal mesenteric artery during resection and anastomosis of the colorectal junction for annular adenocarcinoma in two dogs

An 8-year-old terrier cross and a 10-year-old German Shorthaired Pointer presented to the University Veterinary Centre, Sydney, for investigation of long-standing tenesmus and dyschezia. Both patients had an annular adenocarcinoma at the colorectal junction. Exploratory laparotomy was performed and the affected large intestinal segment was removed by resection and anastomosis. In both dogs, the caudal mesenteric artery was intimately associated with the mass, necessitating its ligation and transection. Postoperatively, there was no evidence of anastomosis breakdown in either case and both animals recovered well from surgery. The dogs were euthanased 8 and 10 months, respectively, after surgery because of clinical signs relating to metastatic disease.     

Coil embolization of patent ductus arteriosus via the carotid artery in seven dogs

This study was designed to evaluate the feasibility and limitations of transcatheter embolization coil occlusion of patent ductus arteriosus in dogs using a carotid artery approach. Seven dogs examined at the University of California, Davis Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital in 2002-2003 for evaluation of heart disease had congenital patent ductus arteriosus diagnosed by characteristic physical, electrocardiographic, radiographic, and anatomic and Doppler echocardiographic findings. Dogs were anesthetized for transesophageal echocardiography and transcatheter coil embolization of the ductus via the right external carotid artery. Coil embolization was achieved in all seven cases, using one to four detachable embolization coils. There were no major complications. Minor complications occurred in two dogs (additional coils placed using a femoral arterial approach and coil embolization of a left femoral artery branch). One dog was examined only 24 h post-operatively and had no murmur and trivial residual ductal flow by Doppler echocardiography. The other 6 dogs were clinically healthy when examined up to three years post-intervention. One dog had a very soft continuous murmur and mild residual ductal flow; the other five had no audible continuous murmur, with only one dog having trivial residual ductal flow identified by Doppler echocardiography. Although technically challenging, coil embolization via the carotid artery is a viable alternative approach for transcatheter closure of patent ductus arteriosus in some dogs.     

针刺颈椎病穴治疗椎动脉型颈椎病的临床观察

目的观察针刺颈椎病穴治疗椎动脉型颈椎病的临床疗效。方法将 102例椎动脉型颈椎病患者随机分成治疗组和对照组各51例。治疗组针刺以颈 椎病穴为主穴,对照组针刺以颈夹脊穴为主穴;两组针刺得气后,均辨证取穴, 接电针仪,中等刺激强度,每日1次,10次为1个疗程。均治疗2个疗程后,采用头 晕症状评分量表和经颅多普勒(TCD)检查比较2组患者治疗前后临床症状改善 情况及椎-基底动脉血流速度改善情况。结果治疗组患者临床愈显率为85%,显 著高于对照组50%(P<0.05);眩晕证候积分减少率,血流速度改变率,两组治疗 后比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论针刺颈椎病穴在改善患者临床症状, 改善血流速度,提高临床愈显率方面较颈夹脊穴组有明显的优势。     

螺旋CT对大脑中动脉供血区超急性期脑梗死的诊断价值

目的探讨螺旋CT对大脑中动脉供血区超急性期脑梗死的诊断价值.方法对62例大脑中动脉供血区超急性期脑梗死（发病6 h内）的CT征象进行分析.结果大脑中动脉供血区脑梗死超急性期CT表现为MCA高密度征、点状征及豆状核边缘模糊,密度减低;岛叶密度减低,相应侧裂池变窄;颞叶灰质密度减低,脑沟变窄或消失,灰白质界限不清.结论螺旋CT对大脑中动脉供血区超急性期脑梗死有很高的诊断价值.     

Destructive lesions of the proximal sesamoid bones as a complication of dorsal metatarsal artery catheterization in three horses

OBJECTIVE: To describe focal destructive lesions of the proximal sesamoid bones (PSBs) as a complication of dorsal metatarsal artery catheterization performed for direct blood pressure monitoring during equine general anesthesia. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective study. ANIMALS: Three client-owned horses. METHODS: A dorsal metatarsal artery was catheterized in each of 3 horses for direct blood pressure monitoring during anesthesia. Radiography, ultrasonography, synoviocentesis, and arthroscopy were used to diagnose postoperative lameness that occurred in the limb used for blood pressure monitoring. RESULTS: Horses developed severe lameness, localized to the fetlock region of the catheterized limb within 21 days of surgery. Antibiotic therapy was administered. Surgical debridement was possible in 1 horse. Two horses that had lesions that were inaccessible, failed to respond to medical management and were euthanatized. The 3rd horse that had surgical debridement of affected bone, survived. Changes in hospital protocol, by improving aseptic technique during catheter insertion and use of new manometer tubing and heparinized saline for each arterial catheter inserted in the dorsal metatarsal artery, have eliminated this complication. CONCLUSIONS: Diagnosis and treatment of destructive lesions of the PSB were difficult. Strict aseptic technique should be followed during insertion of arterial catheters. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Focal destructive lesions of the PSB subsequent to dorsal metatarsal arterial catheterization is a rare but serious complication of equine anesthesia.     

Spectral waveform analysis of major arteries in conscious dogs by Doppler ultrasonography

Normal values of arterial blood flow velocity and waveforms in major arteries of 10 healthy conscious Beagle dogs were determined using Doppler ultrasonography. Peak systolic, early diastolic, and end-diastolic velocities of the basilar artery, common carotid artery, abdominal aorta, external iliac artery, femoral artery, and peak ejection velocity of the valvular aorta were evaluated. Pulsatility index (PI) of the basilar artery and blood pressure were recorded. All arteries had a high-resistance flow pattern with triphasic flow velocity except the basilar artery, which had a low-resistance pattern. Mean peak systolic velocities of the basilar artery, common carotid artery, abdominal aorta, external iliac artery, and femoral artery were 72 +/- 19, 115 +/- 17, 121 +/- 24, 105 +/- 25, and 110 +/- 17 cm/s, respectively. The PI of the basilar artery and peak ejection velocity of the valvular aorta were 1.37 +/- 0.13 and 96 +/- 16 cm/s, respectively. Mean systolic and diastolic blood pressures were 137 +/- 13 and 78 +/- 15 mmHg, respectively. Present findings may be used as references in future studies on vascular diseases and hemodynamics in dogs.     

INFLUENCE OF NORMOVOLEMIC ANEMIA ON DOPPLER-DERIVED BLOOD VELOCITY RATIOS OF ABDOMINAL SPLANCHNIC VESSELS IN CLINICALLY NORMAL DOGS

Doppler spectra of the abdominal aorta (AAo), cranial mesenteric artery (CMA), celiac artery (CA), and left renal artery (LRA) were obtained from 11 fasted, clinically healthy, conscious Beagles before and after inducing severe acute normovolemic anemia (mean±standard deviation hematocrit 16.0±0.77%). Peak systolic, end diastolic, and time-averaged mean velocities were measured. The different vessels were compared with each other. Peak systolic velocity ratio and time-averaged mean velocity ratio of splanchnic vessels to corresponding variables of the AAo were computed and compared between and within vessels during physiologic and anemic states. There was no difference between LRA and AAo, CMA or CA regarding time-averaged mean velocity, time-averaged mean velocity ratio, or end diastolic velocity during the physiological state. During the anemic state, LRA mean time-averaged mean velocity ( P ≤0.008) and mean end diastolic velocity ( P ≤0.041) were significantly lower than those of AAo, CMA, and CA. Mean time-averaged mean velocity ratio of the LRA was also significantly ( P ≤0.004) lower than the CMA and CA ratios, and significantly ( P =0.014) lower during anemic state than physiologic state of the same vessel. End diastolic and time-averaged mean velocities of the AAo, CMA, and CA increased proportionally during anemia, but there was a relatively less increase in the same variables of the LRA, suggesting less increase in blood flow. Doppler ratios allowed a noninvasive comparison between splanchnic and aortic hemodynamics. Velocity ratios might be useful for clinical detection of relative hemodynamic changes between different vessels.