我国公路病害和养护浅析

从我国现阶段公路发展情况及使用状况入手,介绍公路的主要病害,并分析病害产生的原因。另外还从我国公路养护与维修的决策、分类以及存在的问题等三方面阐述了我国现阶段的公路养护现状;并对今后公路养护的发展趋势做了展望。     

Significance of BNP and APACHE II score on prognosis assessment of critically ill patients

AIM: To evaluate the role of plasma B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) level and the score of acute physiology and chronic health evaluation II (APACHE II) in the prognosis assessment of critically ill patients. METHODS: Sixty-two critically-ill patients in ICU fo the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University were enrolled from October 2009 to February 2010. The APACHE II score was calculated and plasma BNP level was measured within the first 24 h after admission. The correlations between BNP/APACHE II score and length of hospitalization, rate of mechanical ventilation application, duration of ventilation and fatality rate were analyzed.RESULTS: There were 44 survivals and 18 deaths in 62 admissions. The average APACHE II score and plasma BNP level in the survival group were higher than those in death group (P<0.01). Sixty-two patients were divided into 3 groups according to their APACHE II scores. With increased BNP level, APACHE II score, rate of mechanical ventilation application and fatality rate were also increased. CONCLUSION: The increasing level of BNP and APACHE II score have significant implications in prognosis assessment of survival rate, rate of mechanical ventilation application, duration of ventilation and length of hospitalization in critically ill patients.     

Pet‐associated Campylobacteriosis: A persisting public health concern

Campylobacter is regarded as a leading cause of human bacterial gastroenteritis in the United States. We report on a case of laboratory‐confirmed Campylobacter jejuni infection in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania among members of a household living with a laboratory‐confirmed but non‐speciated Campylobacter‐infected puppy. We describe an outbreak of likely dog‐associated campylobacteriosis, the risk factors, potential routes of exposure and the clinical features in the exposed family members, which began shortly after exposure to the recently purchased dog. We also provide public health recommendations to prevent Campylobacter infections in veterinary care providers, pet owners and those planning to adopt pets in the future. Finally, this report underscores the importance of the One Health approach when public health responders, human and animal healthcare providers and clinical diagnostic laboratories are tasked with developing effective strategies when investigating, detecting and responding to zoonoses (diseases shared between animals and humans).     

Increased Lactate Concentrations in III and Injured Dogs

Venous blood lactate concentrations were measured on 109 ill dogs and 20 clinically normal dogs. Ill dogs were grouped into survivor and nonsurvivor groups, and categorized based on their primary problem. Ninety-five percent of ill dogs had lactate concentrations higher than clinically normal dogs and published normal values. Seventy-six percent of ill dogs with increased lactate concentrations survived to be discharged. Lactate concentrations were significantly higher in nonsurvivors than in survivors and clinically normal dogs. Lactate concentrations in dogs with major trauma and intoxications, and with cardiopulmonary, gastrointestinal, and neurologic problems were significantly higher than in clinically normal dogs and dogs with other problems. (Vet Emerg & Crit Care, 1998; 8: 117–127)     

Incidence and risk factors of heat-related illness in dogs from New South Wales,Australia (1997–2017)

Heat Related Illness (HRI) in dogs is expected to increase as heatwaves surge due to global warming. The most severe form of HRI, heat stroke, is potentially fatal in dogs. The current study investigated the incidence and risk factors for HRI in dogs in NSW, Australia, from 1997 to 2017. We identified 119 HRI cases during this period, with a fatality rate of 23%. Dog breeds at elevated risk of HRI were Australian Stumpy Tail Cattle Dog, British Bulldog, French Bulldog, Maremma Sheepdog, Italian Greyhound, Chow Chow, Airedale Terrier, Pug, Samoyed, English Springer Spaniel, Labrador Retriever, Golden Retriever, Cavalier King Charles Spaniel, Border Collie, Staffordshire Bull Terrier, and pooled non-Australian National Kennel Council breeds (which included the American and Australian Bulldog) when compared with cross breeds (i.e., the reference variable). As expected, HRI cases were more likely in December and January, during the Australian summer and during hotter years (e.g., 2016). There were no differences in the risk of HRI between males and females nor between desexed or un-desexed dogs; but older dogs were at increased risk of HRI. These findings underscore the need for data collection that will enable the incidence of HRI in dogs to be monitored and to better understand canine risk factors particularly as temperatures will continue to rise due to global warming. The risk of mortality from HRI underpins the need for education programs focussed on prevention and early identification of HRI so that owners present affected dogs to their veterinarian as promptly as possible.     

基于魂魄理论辨治神经系统心身疾病——中医脑病理论与临床实证研究（三）

基于魂魄理论,认为脑髓元神（魂、魄）-脏腑神（魂、神、魄、意、志）-诸体神的神机通路某个关节点或者多个部位发生病变,形成神经系统心身疾病形神同病的病机特点。神经系统心身疾病是躯体症状障碍的表现形式之一,对躯体症状障碍的治疗原则是：魂病、魄病皆神志病,以阴阳辨证为总纲,结合脏腑辨证,"以阳法治之、以阴法治之",补其不足,泻其有余,调理五脏虚实以畅达情志、安魂强魄。通过失眠症并腓肠肌疼痛不适、良性位置性眩晕并抑郁症惊恐障碍、慢性全身关节疼痛并应激障碍、肺癌介入术后并全身多处转移神经病理性疼痛4个医案,强调在辨病与辨证相结合的基础上,选择使用潜镇魂魄、升振魂魄、疏通使道、对症治疗、心理治疗,坚持形神一体的治疗模式。