不同水平膨化血粉对生长鹅生产性能及盲肠微生物菌群的影响

为了研究不同水平膨化血粉对生长鹅生长性能及盲肠微生物菌群的影响,试验选择300只28日龄、体重为(1 142.68±50.64)g的豁眼鹅,随机分为3组(日粮中分别添加1.5%、3.0%、4.5%的膨化血粉),每组设5个重复,每个重复20只鹅,进行为期28 d的饲养试验。结果表明:不同水平的膨化血粉对生长鹅的生长性能有显著的影响,3.0%膨化血粉组的平均日增重、平均日采食量显著高于膨化血粉4.5%组、膨化血粉1.5%组;在料重比方面,3.0%膨化血粉组显著低于其他两组。在3种不同水平的膨化血粉处理中,3.0%膨化血粉组乳酸杆菌和双歧杆菌的数量显著高于其他组,而大肠杆菌的数量却最低;1.5%膨化血粉组乳酸杆菌和双歧杆菌的数量均低于其他组,而大肠杆菌的数量在3种处理中最高。说明在生长鹅的基础日粮中添加3.0%膨化血粉具有较好的应用效果。     

畜禽饲粮豆粕减量营养调控技术研究进展

XUE Junjing;LI Siyuan;FANG Rejun(College of Animal Science and Technology,Hunan Agricultural University,Changsha 410128,China;Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety,Changsha 410128,China)     

低磷低鱼粉饲料中添加植酸酶和蛋白酶对草鱼生长性能和消化生理的影响

本试验旨在研究低磷低鱼粉饲料中添加植酸酶和蛋白酶对草鱼生长性能、消化酶活性、营养物质表观消化率和免疫力的影响。试验选取平均体重为9.66 g的健康草鱼630尾,随机分为7个组,每组3个重复,每个重复30尾鱼。7组草鱼饲喂如下试验饲料:正常磷(磷酸二氢钙添加量2.0%)正常鱼粉(鱼粉添加量3.0%)饲料(对照)、低磷(磷酸二氢钙添加量1.3%)正常鱼粉饲料、低磷正常鱼粉并添加0.03%植酸酶饲料、正常磷低鱼粉(鱼粉添加量1.5%)饲料、正常磷低鱼粉并添加0.05%蛋白酶饲料、低磷和低鱼粉饲料、低磷低鱼粉并添加0.03%植酸酶和0.05%蛋白酶饲料。饲养试验持续56 d。结果显示:与饲喂正常磷正常鱼粉饲料草鱼相比,饲喂低磷低鱼粉饲料草鱼的增重率、特定生长率、营养物质(干物质、蛋白质、钙和磷)表观消化率、肠道消化酶(胰蛋白酶、糜蛋白酶和淀粉酶)活性、血清溶菌酶活性均显著降低(P<0.05),饲料系数和血清丙二醛含量显著升高(P<0.05)。在低磷正常鱼粉饲料、正常磷低鱼粉饲料、低磷低鱼粉饲料中分别添加植酸酶、蛋白酶、植酸酶与蛋白酶后,草鱼的上述指标均得到显著改善(P<0.05)。以上结果表明,在低磷低鱼粉饲料中添加植酸酶和蛋白酶能够提高草鱼的营养物质表观消化率、肠道消化酶活性和免疫力,从而改善其生长性能。     

菜籽饼的发酵脱毒及酶酸法水解制备复合氨基酸工艺研究

以菜籽饼为原料,选择黑曲霉、米曲霉、乳酸菌进行混合固态发酵,然后利用多菌种混合发酵中产生的蛋白酶进行菌酶水解试验,经55℃菌酶水解7 h,氨基酸含量达1.15 g/100 ml;然后,加适量盐酸,经95℃低酸水解8 h,氨基酸含量可达2.17 g/100 ml。本项目研究的生产复合氨基酸液的工艺集脱毒、菌酶、低酸水解为一体,能耗低、产率高,且氨基酸种类丰富齐全,为菜籽饼的综合利用开辟了一条新的途径。     

水解羽毛粉替代豆粕饲喂生长猪的效果研究

选用20kg左右的DLY生长猪64头,随机分为4个处理,每个处理4个重复,每个重复4头,分别饲喂基础日粮、添加2%、4%、6%水解羽毛粉（等蛋白替代豆粕）的日粮。结果表明,随着试验日粮中水解羽毛粉添加量的提高,试验猪的日采食量和日增重降低,而料肉比上升,并且6%处理组差异达到显著（P〈0.05）;各处理组的干物质表观消化率、蛋白质表观消化率和有机物表观消化率均差异不显著（P〉0.05）,而氮的表观生物学价值和净蛋白利用率随着水解羽毛粉添加量的提高明显降低,并且6%处理组的净蛋白利用率显著低于对照组（P〈0.05）和2%处理组（P〈0.05）;2%处理组的单位增重饲料成本较对照组降低0.20元/kg。     

苜蓿草粉比例对豁鹅蛋黄铁锌含量的影响

本试验采用3×3因子设计,将日粮苜蓿草粉比例设为10%、20%、30%三个水平、蛋白质设为15.83%、14.01%、12.74%三个水平。选用180只12月龄健康产蛋豁鹅,随机分为9组,每组20只,试验期20d。研究日粮苜蓿草粉比例和蛋白水平及二者交互作用对豁眼鹅蛋黄铁锌含量的影响。结果表明,苜蓿草粉比例增加使蛋黄铁含量呈降低趋势,而日粮蛋白质水平对蛋黄铁含量无显著影响;日粮苜蓿草粉比例和蛋白质水平的交互作用对蛋黄铁含量无显著影响（P〉0.05）。苜蓿草粉比例增加使蛋黄锌含量呈增加趋势,而日粮蛋白质水平     

Effects of xylanase supplementation on growth performance,nutrient digestibility,blood parameters,fecal microbiota,fecal score and fecal noxious gas emission of weaning pigs fed corn‐soybean meal‐based diet

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of xylanase supplementation on nutrient digestibility, growth performance, blood parameters, fecal microflora shedding, fecal score and fecal noxious gas emission of weaning pigs fed corn‐soybean meal based diet. A total of 150 weaning pigs with an average initial body weight (BW) of 7.85 ± 0.93 kg were randomly allocated to three treatments based on BW and sex (10 replicate pens with five pigs, two gilts and three barrows) were used in this 42‐day trial. Dietary treatments were: (1) CON, basal diet; (2) X1, basal diet +0.005% xylanase; (2) X2, basal diet +0.01% xylanase. The xylanase supplementation linearly increased (P < 0.05) average daily gain (ADG), and gain : feed ratio (G:F) from days 29 to 42 and the in overall period, dry matter, nitrogen and energy digestibility, and fecal Lactobacilli counts, and linearly decreased (P < 0.05) blood urea nitrogen (BUN) concentration, fecal NH₃ and H₂S emission. Additionally, at weeks 5 and 6, there was a linear decrease in fecal score with xylanase supplementation. In conclusion, dietary supplementation of xylanase improved growth performance, nutrient digestibility, shifted microbiota by increasing fecal Lactobacillus counts, decreased BUN concentration, fecal score, and fecal NH₃ and H₂S emission in weaning pigs.     

枯草芽孢杆菌固体发酵豆粕条件的优化

本试验采用枯草芽孢杆菌对豆粕进行固体发酵,通过正交试验探讨不同碳源组合、发酵时间、培养温度、水分比例、接种菌量等因素对发酵豆粕粗蛋白质增加率和蛋白质水解度的影响。结果表明,影响枯草芽孢杆菌固体发酵豆粕粗蛋白质增加率的条件因素的主次顺序为玉米粉比例>培养时间>温度>麸皮比例>水分比例>次粉比例>接种菌量,表观分析固体发酵条件最佳组合为A₃B₁C₃D₃E₂F₂G₁,粗蛋白质增加率达到28.05%;影响发酵豆粕蛋白质水解率的条件因素的主次顺序为温度>培养时间>玉米粉比例>接种菌量>麸皮比例>次粉比例>水分比例,表观分析固体发酵条件最佳组合为A₂B₃C₁D₃E₃F₃G₁,蛋白质水解度达到46.46%。枯草芽孢杆菌固体发酵豆粕的粗蛋白质增加率与蛋白质水解率存在明显的正相关(R²=0.556)。     

Influence of amount and frequency of protein supplementation to steers consuming low-quality,cool-season forage: intake,nutrient digestibility,and ruminal fermentation

This experiment evaluated the influence of protein supplementation frequency (SF) and amount offered on intake, nutrient digestibility, and ruminal fermentation by rumen-fistulated beef steers consuming low-quality [2.9% crude protein (CP); dry matter (DM) basis], cool-season forage. Seven Angus × Hereford steers (300 ± 27 kg) fitted with ruminal cannulas were randomly assigned to 1 of 7 treatments in an incomplete 7 × 4 Latin square. Treatments, in a 2 × 3 factorial design plus a non-supplemented control (CON), consisted of 2 levels of supplemental soybean meal, 100% (F) or 50% (H) of the estimated rumen-degradable protein requirement, provided daily (D), once every 5 d (5D), or once every 10 d (10D). Experimental periods were 30 d and dry matter intake (DMI) was measured from days 19 to 28. On days 21 (all supplements provided) and 30 (only daily supplements provided; day immediately prior to supplementation for 5D and 10D treatments) ruminal fluid was collected for ruminal pH, ammonia-N (NH₃), volatile fatty acids (VFA), and determination of ruminal fermentation variables. Forage and total DM, organic matter (OM), and nitrogen (N) intake increased with supplementation (P ≤ 0.04). However, a linear effect of SF × amount of supplement interaction was observed for forage and total DM, OM, and N intake (P ≤ 0.04), with each variable decreasing as SF decreased, but the decrease being greater with F vs. H. Apparent total tract DM, OM, and neutral detergent fiber digestibility was not affected by supplementation or amount of supplement provided (P ≥ 0.10). In contrast, N digestibility increased with supplementation and for F vs. H (P < 0.01). Digestibility of DM, OM, and N increased linearly as SF decreased (P ≤ 0.03). When all supplements were provided, ruminal NH₃, total VFA, and molar proportions of all individual VFA increased with supplementation (P ≤ 0.04), whereas acetate:propionate ratio decreased (P < 0.01). When only daily supplements were provided, none of the aforementioned fermentation parameters were affected (P ≥ 0.09). In summary, reducing the amount of supplemental CP provided to ruminants consuming low-quality forages, when supplementation intervals are >5 d, can be a management tool to maintain acceptable levels of DMI, nutrient digestibility, and ruminal fermentation while reducing supplementation cost.     

发酵豆粕对仔猪早期断奶应激及增重效果的影响

仔猪早期断奶是提高母猪繁殖利用率的重要措施,但早期断奶应激容易导致仔猪断奶后食欲下降,消化机能紊乱,腹泻等“仔猪早期断奶综合症”.发酵豆粕因富含植物小肽,易于动物的消化吸收等多种优点,适用于幼龄、病弱、应激等特殊生理状况下的仔猪.本试验选用市场上常用的一种同类产品与一种新开发的发酵豆粕在断奶仔猪上进行饲喂对比.结果表明:这种新开发的产品对缓解仔猪早期断奶应激引起的胃肠机能紊乱明显优于对照产品,其稀便发生率显著低于对照组(P<0.01);平均日增重、料肉比高于对照组,但差异不显著(P>0.05).