口服盐酸特比萘芬对幼犬血液常规及生化指标的影响

试验表明,盐酸特比萘芬不同饲喂剂量均可导致犬淋巴细胞百分比、中性粒细胞百分比、白细胞数等血常规检测指标异常。盐酸特比萘酚在幼犬肝脏和肾脏中的毒性是慢性累积的,临床应用中推荐使用盐酸特比萘芬剂量为 5 mg/kg.d进行口服,连续给药不能超过 21d。     

东北梅花鹿茸不同部位游离氨基酸含量的比较分析

选用10支东北梅花鹿茸,每支茸从顶端到基部分腊片、粉片、血片和骨片4个部位分别取样,测定分析各部位游离氨基酸含量。结果表明:东北梅花鹿茸腊片、粉片、血片和骨片游离氨基酸总量分别为1.96%、1.47%、1.24%和0.62%,必需游离氨基酸总量分别为0.57%、0.40%、0.35%和0.19%,各部位之间差异极显著。     

聚对氯苯胺修饰电极的制作及应用研究

通过对聚对氯苯胺膜修饰电极的制作和实验特性的研究,发现聚对氯苯胺膜表面均匀、光滑、牢固,在pH3～11范围内均有响应,测定的重现性好。电极使用长久且稳定性高。该电极和参比电极可直接插入家兔等活体内测定血乳酸的变化情况,对生命科学的活体检测和诊断有其实用意义。     

杀鲑气单胞菌对大西洋鲑游泳行为和血细胞数量的影响

为探讨利用鱼类行为及血细胞数量变化预警杀鲑气单胞菌(Aeromonas salmonicida)病害发生的可行性,监测了生产中感染杀鲑气单胞菌的大西洋鲑(Salmo salar L.)的游泳行为,以及杀鲑气单胞菌攻毒后大西洋鲑血细胞数量的变化。实验采用同一养殖基地和同一批次的大西洋鲑,其中现场实验鱼选自生产车间健康的和感染杀鲑气单胞菌的养殖鱼,攻毒实验中处理组实验鱼每尾背肌注射100μL、浓度为3.05×107CFU/m L的菌液,对照组注射等体积灭菌生理盐水。现场实验表明,感染杀鲑气单胞菌的大西洋鲑临界游泳速度较健康鱼低26.7%(P0.05),摆尾频率与游泳速度的线性回归方程的斜率也存在显著差异(P0.05)。攻毒实验表明,从攻毒的第4天开始,处理组大西洋鲑白细胞、淋巴细胞、单核细胞和粒细胞数量较对照组均发生显著变化,其中第6天的变化最为显著,白细胞总数、粒细胞数分别降低了2.8%和43.9%(P0.05),淋巴细胞数及单核细胞数分别升高了63.3%和23.9%(P0.05),且处理组4种血细胞数随时间呈现显著的线性变化(P0.05)。研究结果表明通过监测大西洋鲑游泳行为(临界游泳速度和摆尾频率)以及血细胞相关指标的变化可快速判断其健康状况,为病害的早期预警提供依据。     

杂交鳢(乌鳢♂×斑鳢♀)及其亲本血液指标的比较分析

本研究采用血细胞分析仪、流式细胞仪和血涂片制作方法,对杂交鳢及其亲本血液指标进行了比较分析。结果显示,杂交鳢(Channa argus♂×C.maculata♀)与其亲本相比,表现出明显杂种优势:在血液红细胞数目、白细胞数目、血红蛋白含量和血细胞比容上,杂交鳢都比亲本高,差异显著(P<0.05);在红细胞体积上,杂交鳢均比亲本小,差异显著(P<0.05);杂交鳢及其亲本血液中都含有较少比例的DNA合成期(S期)细胞,但彼此差异不显著(P>0.05)。     

鳄鱼血蛋白酶解产物抗氧化特性和血管紧张素转化酶抑制活性研究

研究了鳄鱼血蛋白酶解产物的抗氧化特性和对血管紧张素转化酶（ ACE）的抑制活性。利用木瓜蛋白酶酶解鳄鱼血浆蛋白和血球蛋白,用分光光度法测定了酶解产物的抗氧化能力和用高效液相色谱（ HPLC）测定其ACE的抑制率。结果显示：鳄鱼血浆和血球蛋白酶解产物的亚铁离子螯合能力差异性不显著（ P＞0．05）;在0～5 mg/mL的浓度范围内,血球蛋白酶解产物清除ABTS自由基的能力大于血浆蛋白酶解产物,且在浓度为1 mg/mL时,两者清除ABTS自由基的能力差异性极显著（ P＜0．01）;血浆蛋白酶解产物清除DPPH自由基的能力在0～5 mg/mL的浓度范围内随着蛋白浓度的增加而升高,血球蛋白酶解产物在蛋白浓度为4 mg/mL处达到最大清除率,之后下降;在0～20 mg/mL的浓度范围内,两种酶解产物的还原力随着蛋白浓度的提高显著升高,但两者还原力的差异性不显著（ P＞0．05）;鳄鱼血浆和血球蛋白酶解产物对ACE具有良好的抑制力,其最大抑制率可分别达到75．56％和86．42％。研究表明,鳄鱼血蛋白酶解产物在体外具有抗氧化和抑制ACE的活性。     

Blood and liver biopsy for the non‐destructive screening of tilapia lake virus

Detection of tilapia lake virus (TiLV) in tilapines is mainly from visceral organs of killed fish. However, lethal sampling might not be viable to broodstock and economically important ornamental cichlids. To contribute towards screening of the virus in asymptomatic infected fish, a subclinically infected population of Nile tilapia adults obtained from a local farm was preliminarily tested to compare different non‐lethal sampling methods, for example liver biopsy, gill biopsy, fin clip, mucus, faeces and blood for detection of TiLV. Only liver and blood samples gave positive results by PCR. Since blood sampling is relatively simpler, it was further used for five naturally co‐cultured juvenile fish species from above‐mentioned farm including 40 red tilapia broodstock and 20 Nile tilapia adults from two other different farms. The results showed that from the tested fish, 4 of 5 Nile tilapia, 2 of 5 hybrid red tilapia and 3 of 5 giant gourami blood samples tested positive, while 38 of 40 blood samples of red tilapia tested positive for TiLV in second‐step PCR. Sequencing representative PCR amplicons of positive samples confirmed sequence identity to TiLV. In conclusion, both blood and liver biopsy are practical non‐destructive sampling platforms for TiLV screening in cichlids with blood being more convenient, especially for tilapia broodstock.     

香鱼嗜水气单胞菌人工染病后血液生理生化指标变化

从患病香鱼的体腔液中分离获得嗜水气单胞菌病原,经培养稀释的菌液,腹腔注射人工感染健康香鱼,出现典型的出血症后,进行血液生理生化指标的测定。结果发现,病鱼红细胞数量为(1.21±0.08)×1012个/L,血栓细胞数量(189.00±5.19)×1012个/L,较健康香鱼红细胞[(2.41±0.16)×1012个/L]、血栓细胞[(380.0±20.00)×1012个/L]呈极显著降低(P0.01),血红蛋白含量呈显著减少(P0.05),而白细胞数量却显著增加(P0.05)。染病香鱼总蛋白为(47.56±2.63)g/L,健康鱼为(49.23±3.06)g/L,经检验无显著差异;而碱性磷酸酶、Cl-、Ca2+等3项血液生化指标值均呈极显著减少(P0.01),乳酸脱氢酶呈极显著增加(P0.01)。     

突变高温胁迫对大黄鱼血清生理指标的影响

鱼类作为变温动物,在水温突变时体内会发生一系列生理变化。本研究分析了突变高温胁迫下大黄鱼幼鱼血清皮质醇(COR)、血糖(GLU)以及乳酸(BLA)含量的变化规律。实验选取8月龄平均体重为(118.8±6.05)g的大黄鱼作为实验对象,对照组设定温度为(23±0.3)℃,实验组设定温度为(33℃±0.3)℃,变温过程为突变,观察记录实验现象。结果表明:大黄鱼幼鱼在33℃高温胁迫下有强烈的应激反应,表现为呼吸加快、极度不安、游动剧烈。经33℃高温胁迫2 h后,实验组幼鱼血清中皮质醇、血糖、乳酸含量与对照组相比均有显著的升高(P0.05或0.01),陆续出现死亡,最终全部死亡。研究认为,33℃高温胁迫对大黄鱼有致命的影响,在养殖生产过程中要将水温严格控制在33℃以下。     

Comparative effects of Shirazi thyme and vitamin E on some growth and plasma biochemical changes in common carp (Cyprinus carpio) during cadmium exposure

Phytobiotics include a large number of active components which potentially have a growth‐promoting effects and antioxidant properties. This study was conducted to investigate the protective effects of Shirazi thyme and vitamin E on growth and plasma biochemical parameters of common carp exposed to cadmium. Fish (34 ± 3 g) were divided into four groups and fed four distinct diets including commercial diet without any additive (for control and metal only group) and supplemented with either 1% ground Shirazi thyme or 100 mg kg^?1 vitamin E for 45 days. At the end of the feeding trial, all treatments except control group were exposed to sub‐lethal concentration of waterborne cadmium for 15 days and sampling was done on days 0, 7 and 15 after the metal exposure. According to the results, dietary inclusion of thyme prevented the harmful effects of cadmium and also improved fish growth and nutritional indices including weight gain, feed conversion ratio, specific growth rate and condition factor. Results also revealed that Shirazi thyme was more effective than vitamin E. Similarly, no changes in the hepatosomatic, viscerosomatic and bile somatic indices were observed. Plasma enzymes (AST, ALT, ALP and LDH) and metabolites were not altered due to thyme supplementation compared to the control. In conclusion, dietary supplementation of 1% ground Shiraz thyme improved the growth and health status of fish and showed better hepatorenoprotective properties than vitamin E during waterborne cadmium exposure in common carp juveniles. It might be conceivable to consider Shirazi thyme as a potential phytobiotic for incorporation in fish diet.