TMR电话语音查询系统的开发及应用

分析电能量计量系统(TMR)的运行现状和功能需求,开发电话语音查询电量数据的应用系统,重点阐述电话查询电量数据的基本原理、硬件实现方案和软件功能要求,描述编程环境和数据库连接方式,分析对TMR网络安全的影响.维护人员可通过电话异地查询TMR中的关键数据,实时监测TMR运行状况,便于运行人员及时发现和处理故障,对于提高TMR的运行指标有一定的帮助.     

应用全混合日粮技术饲喂奶牛效果比较

对应用全混合日粮(Total Mixed Ration,TMR)技术饲喂前后奶牛的产奶水平、繁殖性能和健康水平进行了对比分析,结果表明:泌乳牛应用TMR饲喂技术后.奶牛产奶量较对照组提高了30.5%,差异显著(P＜0.05).乳脂率、乳蛋白率和乳干物质率分别提高了0.05%,0.02%和0.01%,差异不显著(P＞0.05).成年母牛发病率、繁殖疾病发生率和消化疾病发生率分别降低了0.62%,0.16%和0.19%,差异不显著(P＞0.05).泌乳牛日均毛收入试验组比对照组提高了6.04元.     

全混合日粮在奶牛生产中的应用

全混合日粮是根据奶牛生产及生理生长的营养需要,将粗饲料、青饲料、青贮饲料和混合精饲料按照一定的比例充分混合加工而成的一种营养相对平衡的混合饲料,是现代化奶牛饲养的一项革命性技术突破.本文着重介绍了全混合日粮的特点、应用技术要点和主要机械.并对在应用方面的注意事项进行了介绍.     

Effects of forage offering method on performance,rumen fermentation,nutrient digestibility and nutritional behaviour in Holstein dairy calves

The potential effect of dietary forage supplementation on the performance and rumen development in dairy calves is well established. However, limited research has been directed to the comparative effects of forage offering methods on calf performance. The objective of the present study was to determine the effects of forage provision methods (total mixed ration or free choice) on the performance, nutrient digestibility, rumen fermentation and nutritional behaviour in newborn calves. Forty‐five Holstein dairy calves (3 days of age and 41 ± 2 kg of body weight) were assigned to the following three groups (n = 15): (i) starter without forage provision (CON), (ii) starter supplemented with 10% alfalfa hay (AH) as a total mixed ration (AH‐TMR) and (iii) starter and AH as a free‐choice provision (AH‐FC) for a period of 70 days. All the calves were offered 5 l of milk/day from day 3 to 50, and 2.5 l/day from day 50 until weaning on day 56. Dry matter intake (DMI) was greater (p < 0.01) in the AH‐TMR and AH‐FC treatments than in the CON during the pre‐ and post‐weaning periods. Calves fed the AH‐FC diet showed the highest post‐weaning DMI among the treatments. The calves receiving ad libitum forage tended (p = 0.08) to increase crude protein digestibility and overall volatile fatty acids (VFA) concentrations in the rumen. No differences were observed among the treatments at the time spent on standing, lying, eating and performing non‐nutritive oral behaviours. Compared to CON calves, animals in the AH‐TMR treatment spent more time (p < 0.05) ruminating. In conclusion, our data suggest that forage supplementation in both forage offering methods increased total DMI, ruminal pH and ruminating time in dairy calves. Hence, there is no benefit in the free‐choice provision of AH in dairy calves.     

不同含氮量的奶牛饲料对BUN和MUN含量的影响

试验将21头瘤胃瘘管奶牛随机分为对照组和试验Ⅰ～Ⅵ组,每组3头奶牛,对照组饲喂TMR,试验Ⅰ～Ⅵ组饲喂的TMR分别添加50.0,100.0,150.0,200.0,250.0,300.0g/(头·d)尿素粉,并测定了BUN、MUN、RUN和产奶性能.结果表明,试验Ⅰ～Ⅲ组BUN和MUN与对照组没有明显区别,但产奶量和乳成分有所提高;试验Ⅳ～Ⅵ组BUN和MUN明显高于对照组,产奶量和乳脂率有下降趋势,乳蛋白和乳糖降低显著.MUN和BUN高度相关(r=0.8974,P＜0.01).     

西门塔尔牛TMR饲喂与传统饲喂比较

[目的]肉牛全混合日粮(TMR)是一种将粗饲料、精饲料、矿物质、维生素和微量元素等其他添加剂充分混合搅拌均匀,将水分调到45%,能够满足肉牛营养需要的饲养技术。[方法]为了比较西门塔尔牛TMR饲喂与传统饲喂方式,在固原市瑞科丰农牧科技有限公司随机选取120头西门塔尔育肥公牛作为试验牛群,对照组和试验组各60头,试验组使用TMR日粮饲喂,对照组采用传统饲喂方式饲喂,观察育肥牛生长发育情况、体重变化。[结果]结果表明,TMR饲喂的肉牛平均体重(547.9 kg),比传统饲喂平均体重(509.24 kg),相对提高了7.6%(P0.01)。TMR饲喂平均日增重(1 331.6 g/d)比传统饲喂的平均日增重(1 194.5 g/d)相对提高了11.5%(P0.01),西门塔尔公牛育肥平均体重TMR饲喂785 kg,传统饲喂为752 kg,体重增加33 kg,提高4.4%(P0.05);西门塔尔育肥公牛平均利润TMR饲喂比传统饲喂利润增加1 529.5元/头。[结论]西门塔尔牛TMR饲喂比传统饲喂优势明显,应在肉牛生产中大力推广。     

颗粒饲料对不同品种生长期牛育肥效果的比较研究

本文主要研究和比较不同品种育肥牛使用颗粒饲料其消化率和饲料报酬的不同。试验选择3个品种处在生长期的育肥牛,利用颗粒料进行饲喂,比较其消化率及饲料效率。试验结果表明,使用颗粒饲料,生长期西门塔尔牛、黑白花奶牛和蒙古草原黄牛在钙、磷消化率方面的差异显著(P<0.05),以黑白花牛最高。但粗纤维、粗蛋白、有机物的消化率以及料肉比等指标间的差异不显著(P>0.05)。总之,在试验期内,使用颗粒饲料,不同品种生长期育肥牛其部分养分的消化率有所不同,但不同品种其饲料报酬的差异并不显著。     

奶牛全混合日粮(TMR)技术及设备

本文对奶牛全混合日粮(TMR)技术的概念、发展、技术工艺路线、技术要点及其所使用的关键设备全混合日粮(TMR)搅拌机进行了阐述。     

合理利用TMR提高奶牛生产性能

为了提高奶牛生产性能,充分发挥奶牛TMR的优势,结合近几年的生产实践经验,对TMR在奶牛生产上的优点、分群技巧及配制饲料过程中的误区进行了综述,以期为奶牛生产提供帮助.     

青贮玉米秸秆全营养混合日粮饲喂肉羊试验效果观测

本试验通过观测肉羊TMR饲喂与常规饲喂的效果,表明TMR饲喂组平均日增重显著高于常规饲喂组（P＜0.05）,分别为233.72±25.14 g和201.18土42.69 g.在饲喂量相同的情况下,体重每增加1 kg,TMR饲喂组比常规饲喂组少消耗精饲料0.39 kg、粗饲料2.67 kg.经90 d舍饲育肥,TMR技术饲喂平均每只肉羊均比常规饲喂多收益87.6元,经济效益显著.